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	<title>Comments on: &#8220;Able Danger&#8221; and data mining</title>
	<atom:link href="http://crookedtimber.org/2005/08/27/able-danger-and-data-mining/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2005/08/27/able-danger-and-data-mining/</link>
	<description>Out of the crooked timber of humanity, no straight thing was ever made</description>
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		<title>By: Gary Farber</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2005/08/27/able-danger-and-data-mining/comment-page-1/#comment-94082</link>
		<dc:creator>Gary Farber</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 30 Aug 2005 00:37:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=3710#comment-94082</guid>
		<description>For whatever little it&#039;s worth, I had &lt;a href=&quot;http://amygdalagf.blogspot.com/2005/08/how-dangerous-how-able-ive-yet-to-see.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;these observations&lt;/a&gt; about the present situation regarding Able Danger.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>For whatever little it&#8217;s worth, I had <a href="http://amygdalagf.blogspot.com/2005/08/how-dangerous-how-able-ive-yet-to-see.html" rel="nofollow">these observations</a> about the present situation regarding Able Danger.</p>
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		<title>By: king-fu</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2005/08/27/able-danger-and-data-mining/comment-page-1/#comment-94038</link>
		<dc:creator>king-fu</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 29 Aug 2005 19:01:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=3710#comment-94038</guid>
		<description>&gt; pretty weak evidence of any underlying causal relationship of complicity in a plot

Then, why use the phrase &quot;Manchurian Candidate&quot; Henry? That seems like your own straw-man of causality, doesn&#039;t it? What Condi did before 200 is well known, at least on the face of it. And, that is that she was smack dab in the middle of Afghanistan for years.  I&#039;m not at all shocked to see her linked with Chinese power centers.

It&#039;s like someone recently pointed out: why would you [tin-foil-hatters] assume Osama&#039;s working for the Bush family? Why would it not be the other way around?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>> pretty weak evidence of any underlying causal relationship of complicity in a plot</p>

	<p>Then, why use the phrase &#8220;Manchurian Candidate&#8221; Henry? That seems like your own straw-man of causality, doesn&#8217;t it? What Condi did before 200 is well known, at least on the face of it. And, that is that she was smack dab in the middle of Afghanistan for years.  I&#8217;m not at all shocked to see her linked with Chinese power centers.</p>

	<p>It&#8217;s like someone recently pointed out: why would you [tin-foil-hatters] assume Osama&#8217;s working for the Bush family? Why would it not be the other way around?</p>
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		<title>By: Peter</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2005/08/27/able-danger-and-data-mining/comment-page-1/#comment-94019</link>
		<dc:creator>Peter</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 29 Aug 2005 14:38:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=3710#comment-94019</guid>
		<description>I thought that Kevin brought up an important issue on the AbleDangerHerring: that they (now) claim that they identified Atta, as Atta, months before he started using the Atta name.
And I think the other commenters are correct: we are ignoring our own generations Philbys because, well, we elected them and &lt;em&gt;they wouldn&#039;t do something like that would they?&lt;/em&gt;
Regretably, this is going to be 100% Grade AA political stew before it is all done. And we&#039;ll probably end up proving &lt;em&gt;Confessions of an Economic Hit Man&lt;/em&gt; correct in all details before this is finally laid to rest.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>I thought that Kevin brought up an important issue on the AbleDangerHerring: that they (now) claim that they identified Atta, as Atta, months before he started using the Atta name.<br />
And I think the other commenters are correct: we are ignoring our own generations Philbys because, well, we elected them and <em>they wouldn&#8217;t do something like that would they?</em><br />
Regretably, this is going to be 100% Grade AA political stew before it is all done. And we&#8217;ll probably end up proving <em>Confessions of an Economic Hit Man</em> correct in all details before this is finally laid to rest.</p>
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		<title>By: Henry</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2005/08/27/able-danger-and-data-mining/comment-page-1/#comment-94016</link>
		<dc:creator>Henry</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 29 Aug 2005 14:17:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=3710#comment-94016</guid>
		<description>Cranky - the point that I&#039;m trying to make is that evidence of connections in a network, by its very nature, is typically going to be pretty weak evidence of any underlying causal relationship of complicity in a plot etc. If you take this stuff as smoking gun evidence without backup, it can lead to paranoid thinking of the David Horowitz Discover the Network variety (or its leftwing equivalents). The evidence against Philby etc was, as I understand it, in principle rather stronger.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Cranky &#8211; the point that I&#8217;m trying to make is that evidence of connections in a network, by its very nature, is typically going to be pretty weak evidence of any underlying causal relationship of complicity in a plot etc. If you take this stuff as smoking gun evidence without backup, it can lead to paranoid thinking of the David Horowitz Discover the Network variety (or its leftwing equivalents). The evidence against Philby etc was, as I understand it, in principle rather stronger.</p>
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		<title>By: Sebastian Holsclaw</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2005/08/27/able-danger-and-data-mining/comment-page-1/#comment-93996</link>
		<dc:creator>Sebastian Holsclaw</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 29 Aug 2005 08:20:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=3710#comment-93996</guid>
		<description>&quot;As another commentor at Drum’s said, only pee-ons are targets for data mining.&quot;

Even if that were totally true, that doesn&#039;t make data-mining useless.  It would be just another in a long line of useful law enforcement tools that doesn&#039;t cut as harshly against the privileged.  See prosecutors and the now Senator Kennedy.  See jury trials and the now free OJ Simpson.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>&#8220;As another commentor at Drum&#8217;s said, only pee-ons are targets for data mining.&#8221;</p>

	<p>Even if that were totally true, that doesn&#8217;t make data-mining useless.  It would be just another in a long line of useful law enforcement tools that doesn&#8217;t cut as harshly against the privileged.  See prosecutors and the now Senator Kennedy.  See jury trials and the now free <span class="caps">OJ </span>Simpson.</p>
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		<title>By: riting on the wall &#187; Blog Archive &#187; more data mining</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2005/08/27/able-danger-and-data-mining/comment-page-1/#comment-93994</link>
		<dc:creator>riting on the wall &#187; Blog Archive &#187; more data mining</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 29 Aug 2005 08:15:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=3710#comment-93994</guid>
		<description>[...] picking up on the data mining thread i noted earlier, henry farrell points out the practical limitations of the technique: In the words of Mary DeRosa&#8217;s CSIS report on data mining and counter-terrorism (the best thing I&#8217;ve read on the topic), data mining may provide a set of &#8216;power tools&#8217; for law enforcement and intelligence, which may suggest interesting further lines of investigation. Inevitably, however, it&#8217;s going to provide a lot of entirely spurious leads (indeed, if it doesn&#8217;t provide some dead-ends, its filters are probably set too narrowly). Thus, it shouldn&#8217;t be treated as providing smoking gun evidence the one way or the other - all that it does is to analyse sets of relationships in a network of actors, and highlight some relationships that might otherwise have been non-obvious. [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>[...] picking up on the data mining thread i noted earlier, henry farrell points out the practical limitations of the technique: In the words of Mary DeRosa&#8217;s <span class="caps">CSIS</span> report on data mining and counter-terrorism (the best thing I&#8217;ve read on the topic), data mining may provide a set of &#8216;power tools&#8217; for law enforcement and intelligence, which may suggest interesting further lines of investigation. Inevitably, however, it&#8217;s going to provide a lot of entirely spurious leads (indeed, if it doesn&#8217;t provide some dead-ends, its filters are probably set too narrowly). Thus, it shouldn&#8217;t be treated as providing smoking gun evidence the one way or the other &#8211; all that it does is to analyse sets of relationships in a network of actors, and highlight some relationships that might otherwise have been non-obvious. [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Cranky Observer</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2005/08/27/able-danger-and-data-mining/comment-page-1/#comment-93708</link>
		<dc:creator>Cranky Observer</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 28 Aug 2005 17:01:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=3710#comment-93708</guid>
		<description>Henry,
As I posted over at Drum&#039;s, the thing to think about is this:  British counterintelligence was consistently punked throughout the 30s, 40s, and 50s  (and some fairly vital nuclear weapon secrets lost in the process) by consistently rejecting suspects/hypotheses because no matter what their preliminary investigations came up with everyone knew that people like Philby couldn&#039;t be double agents.  Too well-bred and all that.  Except of course some of them were. 

So the miners build a statistical analysis model (something I greatly distrust) to find bad guys, and out pops the names of a few Undersecretaries in critical positions.  What do they do?  Discard those names, of course, because &quot;everyone knows&quot; that &quot;those people&quot; couldn&#039;t be suspects.  Right.

And I would be reasonably certain that if we went back and ran various federal agencies&#039; and investment banks&#039; securities fraud models against the WorldCom data from 1995-2000 that Ebbers&#039; name would pop out as needing further investigation.  For all we know it did at the time.  Do you think anyone investigated as a result?  As another commentor at Drum&#039;s said, only pee-ons are targets for data mining.

But hey, I just do database, statistical modeling, and computer security work for a living.  What do I know?

Cranky</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Henry,<br />
As I posted over at Drum&#8217;s, the thing to think about is this:  British counterintelligence was consistently punked throughout the 30s, 40s, and 50s  (and some fairly vital nuclear weapon secrets lost in the process) by consistently rejecting suspects/hypotheses because no matter what their preliminary investigations came up with everyone knew that people like Philby couldn&#8217;t be double agents.  Too well-bred and all that.  Except of course some of them were.</p>

	<p>So the miners build a statistical analysis model (something I greatly distrust) to find bad guys, and out pops the names of a few Undersecretaries in critical positions.  What do they do?  Discard those names, of course, because &#8220;everyone knows&#8221; that &#8220;those people&#8221; couldn&#8217;t be suspects.  Right.</p>

	<p>And I would be reasonably certain that if we went back and ran various federal agencies&#8217; and investment banks&#8217; securities fraud models against the WorldCom data from 1995-2000 that Ebbers&#8217; name would pop out as needing further investigation.  For all we know it did at the time.  Do you think anyone investigated as a result?  As another commentor at Drum&#8217;s said, only pee-ons are targets for data mining.</p>

	<p>But hey, I just do database, statistical modeling, and computer security work for a living.  What do I know?</p>

	<p>Cranky</p>
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		<title>By: Henry</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2005/08/27/able-danger-and-data-mining/comment-page-1/#comment-93699</link>
		<dc:creator>Henry</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 28 Aug 2005 14:44:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=3710#comment-93699</guid>
		<description>luc - I used to be very worried about the implications of data mining and associated technologies for privacy, human rights etc until I actually started doing a bit of research on them. They simply aren&#039;t very useful at the moment for security-related applications. The worrying part of them is their slapdash application (e.g. in some of the applications for passenger data that people fantasize about, and indeed have tried to implement sloppily). The much-ballyhooed Total Information Awareness initiative was, as best as I can tell, a bit of a joke - an attempt by DARPA to cobble together previously existing blue sky programs into something that could rustle up a bit of funding, which went horribly, horribly wrong for them when privacy advocates got hold of it. I do think there are issues here, but they&#039;re long term issues.

Redwolf - sorry to say that you&#039;re shit out of luck here - the politics surrounding data mining, data retention etc _are_ a major part of my academic expertise. Doesn&#039;t mean I&#039;m necessarily right, of course, but I do have some idea of that whereof I speak.

Martin - the framing of the argument (which perhaps doesn&#039;t come across clearly enough) is that Laura Rozen doesn&#039;t quite get the engineering aspects of this; accordingly, she&#039;s somewhat misinterpreting the politics. I think that Kevin&#039;s take on this is the most convincing to me.

Cranky - point taken, but what is interesting about this kind of exercise isn&#039;t that you can connect a, to b, to c, which yer common or garden David Horowitz can do. It&#039;s that sometimes non-obvious connections can emerge. But obviously, if you want to figure out whether these connections are meaningful, you need to (a) apply some sort of reasoning (as many connections will be either spurious or irrelevant) and (b) do further research/investigation of the traditional variety, as appropriate.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>luc &#8211; I used to be very worried about the implications of data mining and associated technologies for privacy, human rights etc until I actually started doing a bit of research on them. They simply aren&#8217;t very useful at the moment for security-related applications. The worrying part of them is their slapdash application (e.g. in some of the applications for passenger data that people fantasize about, and indeed have tried to implement sloppily). The much-ballyhooed Total Information Awareness initiative was, as best as I can tell, a bit of a joke &#8211; an attempt by <span class="caps">DARPA</span> to cobble together previously existing blue sky programs into something that could rustle up a bit of funding, which went horribly, horribly wrong for them when privacy advocates got hold of it. I do think there are issues here, but they&#8217;re long term issues.</p>

	<p>Redwolf &#8211; sorry to say that you&#8217;re shit out of luck here &#8211; the politics surrounding data mining, data retention etc <em>are</em> a major part of my academic expertise. Doesn&#8217;t mean I&#8217;m necessarily right, of course, but I do have some idea of that whereof I speak.</p>

	<p>Martin &#8211; the framing of the argument (which perhaps doesn&#8217;t come across clearly enough) is that Laura Rozen doesn&#8217;t quite get the engineering aspects of this; accordingly, she&#8217;s somewhat misinterpreting the politics. I think that Kevin&#8217;s take on this is the most convincing to me.</p>

	<p>Cranky &#8211; point taken, but what is interesting about this kind of exercise isn&#8217;t that you can connect a, to b, to c, which yer common or garden David Horowitz can do. It&#8217;s that sometimes non-obvious connections can emerge. But obviously, if you want to figure out whether these connections are meaningful, you need to (a) apply some sort of reasoning (as many connections will be either spurious or irrelevant) and (b) do further research/investigation of the traditional variety, as appropriate.</p>
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		<title>By: Tad Brennan</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2005/08/27/able-danger-and-data-mining/comment-page-1/#comment-93693</link>
		<dc:creator>Tad Brennan</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 28 Aug 2005 12:52:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=3710#comment-93693</guid>
		<description>The quick take that Kevin Drum takes--

The moral of Able Danger wrt Atta has nothing to do with &quot;data mining&quot; at all.

The most credible accounts of how AD fingered Atta have to do with information from specific individuals, not publicly available data-bases.  No amount of data-mining could have provided his name to Able Danger at that time: it was just old-fashioned human intelligence resources.

I don&#039;t know if Drum is right about this, but it is worth keeping the possibility in mind: so far as the pros and cons of data-mining go, Atta may be a complete red herring.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>The quick take that Kevin Drum takes&#8212;<br />
The moral of Able Danger wrt Atta has nothing to do with &#8220;data mining&#8221; at all.</p>

	<p>The most credible accounts of how AD fingered Atta have to do with information from specific individuals, not publicly available data-bases.  No amount of data-mining could have provided his name to Able Danger at that time: it was just old-fashioned human intelligence resources.</p>

	<p>I don&#8217;t know if Drum is right about this, but it is worth keeping the possibility in mind: so far as the pros and cons of data-mining go, Atta may be a complete red herring.</p>
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		<title>By: RedWolf</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2005/08/27/able-danger-and-data-mining/comment-page-1/#comment-93689</link>
		<dc:creator>RedWolf</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 28 Aug 2005 11:24:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=3710#comment-93689</guid>
		<description>Scholars should comment on their areas of expertise; they should stay as far away from commenting on their expertiseless areas as they humanly can even if data mining tempts them mightily.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Scholars should comment on their areas of expertise; they should stay as far away from commenting on their expertiseless areas as they humanly can even if data mining tempts them mightily.</p>
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		<title>By: Luc</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2005/08/27/able-danger-and-data-mining/comment-page-1/#comment-93668</link>
		<dc:creator>Luc</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 28 Aug 2005 02:23:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=3710#comment-93668</guid>
		<description>Being a bit paranoid about these things, I&#039;d would argue against viewing data mining and associated technologies, as used by intelligence and law enforcement, as simple power tools with a knob with which you can turn up or down the false positives.

A large part of the job that these tools take over is risk assessment. Whether it is credit card transactions, creation/checking of a no fly list, or a credential check for a government job.

And you can&#039;t depend on the few humans still involved to override/further investigate these automated assessments, either because there&#039;s too many instances to check, as in the credit card transactions, or because they would take a big personal risk to go against the system, like in the no fly list or the credential check.

Something like this is noted in the referenced article by DeRosa, but without much clues on how to resolve it.

So my opinion would be that

&lt;i&gt;The most that data mining can do (and should be expected to do) is sometimes to highlight interesting and non-obvious relationships that might otherwise have escaped people’s attentions.&lt;/i&gt;

is a bit of a misunderestimation of what is being done with data mining and associated tools.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Being a bit paranoid about these things, I&#8217;d would argue against viewing data mining and associated technologies, as used by intelligence and law enforcement, as simple power tools with a knob with which you can turn up or down the false positives.</p>

	<p>A large part of the job that these tools take over is risk assessment. Whether it is credit card transactions, creation/checking of a no fly list, or a credential check for a government job.</p>

	<p>And you can&#8217;t depend on the few humans still involved to override/further investigate these automated assessments, either because there&#8217;s too many instances to check, as in the credit card transactions, or because they would take a big personal risk to go against the system, like in the no fly list or the credential check.</p>

	<p>Something like this is noted in the referenced article by DeRosa, but without much clues on how to resolve it.</p>

	<p>So my opinion would be that</p>

	<p><i>The most that data mining can do (and should be expected to do) is sometimes to highlight interesting and non-obvious relationships that might otherwise have escaped people&#8217;s attentions.</i></p>

	<p>is a bit of a misunderestimation of what is being done with data mining and associated tools.</p>
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		<title>By: Cranky Observer</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2005/08/27/able-danger-and-data-mining/comment-page-1/#comment-93527</link>
		<dc:creator>Cranky Observer</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 28 Aug 2005 00:30:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=3710#comment-93527</guid>
		<description>&gt; although in the unlikely event that the Able 
&gt; Danger people portrayed Rice as some class of a 
&gt; Manchurian candidate it would obviously be a 
&gt; serious problem).

I am no fan of conspiracy theories, and I think the big one (the Bush family, the Carlyle Group) here is right out in the open.  But if you start out down a path using a statistically-based tool; define your model; enter your data, and get results; and then discard certain results because you &quot;know&quot; they can&#039;t be true - well, I am not sure why you are spending my tax dollars to do that in the first place.   

Cranky</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>> although in the unlikely event that the Able<br />
> Danger people portrayed Rice as some class of a<br />
> Manchurian candidate it would obviously be a<br />
> serious problem).</p>

	<p>I am no fan of conspiracy theories, and I think the big one (the Bush family, the Carlyle Group) here is right out in the open.  But if you start out down a path using a statistically-based tool; define your model; enter your data, and get results; and then discard certain results because you &#8220;know&#8221; they can&#8217;t be true &#8211; well, I am not sure why you are spending my tax dollars to do that in the first place.</p>

	<p>Cranky</p>
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		<title>By: Martin</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2005/08/27/able-danger-and-data-mining/comment-page-1/#comment-93520</link>
		<dc:creator>Martin</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 27 Aug 2005 22:47:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=3710#comment-93520</guid>
		<description>&quot;The quick take as best as I can make out – if Able Danger singled out Atta as one of a small group of individuals who merited substantial further investigation, then the Pentagon has a problem. If Atta’s name was one of hundreds or thousands, the rest of whom were mostly false positives, or if the network analysis didn’t highlight Atta as someone who merited further investigation, then the Pentagon’s decision to close down the program is far more easily defensible ex post.&quot;

I find it interesting that after discussing data mining from, in effect, an engineering perspective focusing on its usefulness and practical limitations, in your close you switch to a bureacratic/political perspective (not, as Jerry Seinfeld would say, that there is anything wrong with that).  Call me naive but the logic of your earlier discussion would seem to lead to a conclusion along the lines of:

&quot;If Able Danger singled out Atta as one of a small group ... the Pentagon has an opportunity for valuable progress against terror, even if it was sadly not taken advantage of.  If Atta was one of many false positives, it looks like the Pentagon regrettably is stuck with the difficult, marginally effective, and often morally questionable intelligence methods of the past.

(I realize more or less all social phenomena can and should be described in both engineering/intrumentalist and bureaucratic/political terms.  I guess its the unannounced switch from the middle to the end of the post that struck me.)</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>&#8220;The quick take as best as I can make out &#8211; if Able Danger singled out Atta as one of a small group of individuals who merited substantial further investigation, then the Pentagon has a problem. If Atta&#8217;s name was one of hundreds or thousands, the rest of whom were mostly false positives, or if the network analysis didn&#8217;t highlight Atta as someone who merited further investigation, then the Pentagon&#8217;s decision to close down the program is far more easily defensible ex post.&#8221;</p>

	<p>I find it interesting that after discussing data mining from, in effect, an engineering perspective focusing on its usefulness and practical limitations, in your close you switch to a bureacratic/political perspective (not, as Jerry Seinfeld would say, that there is anything wrong with that).  Call me naive but the logic of your earlier discussion would seem to lead to a conclusion along the lines of:</p>

	<p>&#8220;If Able Danger singled out Atta as one of a small group &#8230; the Pentagon has an opportunity for valuable progress against terror, even if it was sadly not taken advantage of.  If Atta was one of many false positives, it looks like the Pentagon regrettably is stuck with the difficult, marginally effective, and often morally questionable intelligence methods of the past.</p>

	<p>(I realize more or less all social phenomena can and should be described in both engineering/intrumentalist and bureaucratic/political terms.  I guess its the unannounced switch from the middle to the end of the post that struck me.)</p>
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