Cuban Oil

by Jon Mandle on July 31, 2006

Now that oil has been discovered off the coast of Cuba, I may eventually be deprived of my best come-back to those lefties who oppose anything that could be called “globalization” but who also complain about the U.S. embargo of Cuba. But the more interesting question will be the reaction of Republicans who will be torn between their love of all things oily and hatred of all things Cuban (post-1959). Some possibilities:

1. Suddenly realize that the embargo isn’t working and end it;
2. Suddenly realize that the embargo isn’t working where oil is concerned – end it for oil, but keep it in place for everything else.
3. Dispute Cuba’s territorial claims where the oil was found;
4. Escalate – either blockade or at least stop suspending enforcement of title III the Helms-Burton amendment [pdf] until Cuba is a democracy like Saudi Arabia;
5. Really escalate – invade Cuba (beyond Guantanamo Bay) or some other country, related or not – I’m thinking Venezuela;
6. Keep very quiet about this and hope Castro dies soon and declare success no matter what the replacement regime looks like.

The early front-runner seems to be 2, with hints of 3, and of course 6 is an old standby.

{ 49 comments }

1

Randy Paul 07.31.06 at 1:15 pm

Actually, a lot of republicans from farm states and some non-farm states (Jeff Flake comes to mind) want the embargo ended.

If Florida had as many electoral votes as Wyoming, it would have been ended a while ago.

2

tom s. 07.31.06 at 1:16 pm

How about

(7) Develop new drilling technology to get at the oil from US waters, and just take the stuff.

[Disclaimer: I have no clue whether this is practical or not]

3

David 07.31.06 at 1:26 pm

If I read the links correctly, it’s not Republicans hinting at Option 3–it’s Democrats.

4

alf 07.31.06 at 1:33 pm

I like how the Post article claims that the Cuban embargo has had zero effect so far, while completely ignoring the effects to the Cuban population not to mention the effect on the sugar industry in the US and the rise of High Fructose corn syrup.

5

james 07.31.06 at 2:02 pm

(7) should read – pass legislation allowing drilling from US waters. The technology is there. Florida does not want any oil wells off its coast. It is even attempting to get the US government to stop Cuban drilling.

6

George 07.31.06 at 2:03 pm

Everyplace there’s oil, there too are the enemies of freedom. I have to conclude that god must hate us, too.

7

mpowell 07.31.06 at 2:04 pm

I like 6 best myself.

8

tps12 07.31.06 at 2:10 pm

Cuba aside, who exactly are “those lefties who oppose anything that could be called ‘globalization'”? As many have pointed out, an awful lot can be called globalization depending on who is doing the calling…

9

Ed 07.31.06 at 2:30 pm

Yes, I was just thinking that – but tps12 got there first. Who are these ‘lefties’ who oppose ‘anything that could be called globalisation’? Are they the straw men lefties that stalk your imagination perhaps?

10

Slocum 07.31.06 at 3:03 pm

With respect to the oil itself, given that oil is fungible, I vote for none-of-the-above. Cuba will the new oil it pumps domestically, reducing or eliminating its imports. The U.S. will buy some of the imported oil that Cuba no longer needs.

A more interesting issue is with respect to contracts to oil companies to develop the new offshore wells. From Cuba’s point of view, there would be no advantage to going along with #2 — why give contracts to U.S. companies if no relaxation of the overall embargo is forthcoming?

But that, of couse, assumes that the Cuban government would really like to see the end of the embargo, which I think is doubtful (as it would reduce the usefulness of the U.S. as general-purpose bogeyman).

11

Barry 07.31.06 at 3:13 pm

“Cuba aside, who exactly are “those lefties who oppose anything that could be called ‘globalization’”? As many have pointed out, an awful lot can be called globalization depending on who is doing the calling…”

Posted by tps12

I second this. Jon, if you would like to be taken seriously, please be aware that many of the liberals and lefties here are actually literate, and will notice such things.

12

Jon Mandle 07.31.06 at 3:42 pm

Yes, “an awful lot can be called globalization” – that’s why I talked about those “who oppose anything that could be called ‘globalization'”. Do you really deny that there are such people? For what it’s worth, I was thinking about the collection by Jerry Mander and Edward Goldsmith called “The Case Against the Global Economy” and the collection by the International Forum on Globalization called “Alternatives to Globalization” – but mostly I was thinking of numerous students I’ve had. And do you really need me to say that not all – or even most – leftists oppose all forms of globalization? Have you read this blog before?

13

tom s. 07.31.06 at 4:09 pm

[Funny, as I read the comments of tps12 and barry I thought of exactly the same Mander/Goldsmith book. Rarely have I so disliked a book I expected to agree with.]

14

Louis Proyect 07.31.06 at 4:26 pm

Jon, you are correct that people like Jerry Mander oppose “globalization”, but it doesn’t help things to generalize about “leftists” in those terms. The Marxist left in particular looks at things from a different perspective. It challenges the right of *imperialism* right to dominate the Cuban economy but it is not opposed to equitable trade between nations. Cuba would love to be able to sell its newly found oil, tobacco and sugar in the USA and buy John Deere tractors with the revenue. For that matter, I really wonder if this is what is bugging the “anti-globalization” types like Naomi Klein to begin with. I think that they are a lot closer to Marxism on such question, based on the evidence of her writings on Argentina. People like Jerry Mander can best be described as “neo-Luddites” so the opposition to globalization is partly based on a desire to turn back the clock. At any rate, I am pleased to see an absence of hostility to Cuba in your post and in the comments section. We are making progress.

15

Davebo 07.31.06 at 4:39 pm

“(7) Develop new drilling technology to get at the oil from US waters, and just take the stuff.”

If I’m not mistaken the current record for directional drillings is just short of 7 miles distance covered, thought that was from a land based rig.

But regardless, isn’t that Kuwait was engaged in and eventually caused the first gulf war?

And how stupid would we look stealing a poor nation like Cuba’s oil when we refuse to develop much larger fields off the cost of Florida?

16

Tracy W 07.31.06 at 5:00 pm

I’m with slocum. Oil is fungible. Americans do not need to buy any oil directly from Cuba in order to benefit from Cuba’s oil find.

Assuming efficient markets, which is reasonably realistic when it comes to raw oil, the USA will get the same economic benefit from Cuba oil regardless of whether it maintains the embargo or invades Cuba. (The costs of the different options vary considerably of course).

17

Alan Gregory 07.31.06 at 5:26 pm

How about Bay of Pigs II, launched by the Bush administration on the back of a pack of lies, ala W’s War on Iraq? And speaking of high fructose corn syrup, ever tried to buy a loaf of commerical-baked bread (at the grocery) that didn’t have the stuff in it?

18

gray 07.31.06 at 6:30 pm

It seems this issue was the prime mover in getting the USA to recognize Vietnam and stop the diplomatic silliness. US oil interests didn’t want to be left on the sidelines of Vietnam “oil play”. There is reason to hope that this will be the wedge issue that finally gets some progress on US/Cuba affairs because it is reasonable to surmise that big oil has as much access to the current US administration as the Miami Cuba lobby.

As to the OP, I see #6 as the clear front runner still. As regards to #3 remember that the USA sells Cuba lots of food, about a billion worth since 2001.

19

joe o 07.31.06 at 6:46 pm

what slocum and tracy w said.

20

cac 07.31.06 at 7:39 pm

Not really on topic, but I’m an occasional cigar smoker and even more occasional reader of “Cigar Afficianado”, a magazine which is essentially cigar porn – it portrays an utterly unrealistic (at least for me) world of private gets, expensive brandy, yachts etc.

But the interesting thing is that the magazine’s politics, such as they are, are pretty right wing, except on the matter of the Cuban embargo. This is not due to any moral scruples or recognition that nasty as the Cuban regime is, it’s a lot better than many countries the US is happy to deal with. No, it’s entirely due to annoyance that one’s favourite cuban stogies are illegal!

21

Adam Kotsko 07.31.06 at 8:08 pm

That high-fructose corn syrup connection is amusing, because one is almost tempted to claim that the embargo against Cuba caused the US obesity epidemic. “Lift the embargo — it’s making us fat!”

22

bellatrys 07.31.06 at 8:34 pm

Amusing – but not amazing – that Tom S. would leap so quickly to suggest piracy, rather than honest trade.

Sir Francis Drake would be *so* proud of what we’ve done with the place!

(Or perhaps we need another blogger ethics panelâ„¢…)

23

bad Jim 07.31.06 at 10:10 pm

All this deep sea drilling in the Caribbean might not be practical if, with higher ocean temperatures, more tropical storms turn into hurricanes. How many times was Cuba hammered last summer?

If we need to keep global warming going, oil wells in the newly ice-free Arctic might be a safer bet.

24

jet 07.31.06 at 10:34 pm

Can this be a coincidence? Oil is found in Cuba and almost immediately Castro goes into the hospital? Hah, just more evidence for my case that the world really is controlled by a loose coalition of Masons, Gokudō, and Rosicrucians. The struggles we see today are mere manifestations of the inner struggles of this group. And if we nuked Transylvania, we’d be rid of them all.

25

cac 07.31.06 at 11:08 pm

Make that “private jets” in my earlier post although I’m sure a “private get” is a good thing to have as well.

26

Tom T. 07.31.06 at 11:31 pm

Certainly, option 6 got a big boost tonight.

27

felix 08.01.06 at 12:29 am

There should be a special circle of hell reserved for people who say stupid shit like “oil is fungible”.

Instead of pushing to the Baku oilfields, the Germans should have just realized, “Hey! Oil is fungible, we’ll just buy it on the open market!”.

Idiot.

Control of the world’s shrinking oil supplies is not fungible.

28

Eamonn Fitzgerald 08.01.06 at 1:32 am

I’m going for 6 as well. Raul Castro is 75.

29

Daniel 08.01.06 at 2:10 am

Americans do not need to buy any oil directly from Cuba in order to benefit from Cuba’s oil find

A quick glance at the location of where Cuba is suggests that it might make a bit of sense though.

Although I would not put it quite as aggressively as Felix (that’s a lie; I probably would but I happen to be in a sanguine mood today), he makes a good point. Oil might be fungible, but long term oil supply contracts – they ain’t fungible.

30

snuh 08.01.06 at 2:22 am

if oil really is fungible, then why does the issue of its control matter so much to the foreign policies of so many countries?

and not just america (see policy in saudi arabia, venezuela, kuwait/iraq etc), but also in russia, france (see esp their iraq policy pre-2003) and china (lately, their iran policy).

in terms of it being supplied as a commodity to you or i, sure, it is fungible. but it is not obvious to me that this remains true on a larger scale.

31

snuh 08.01.06 at 2:23 am

or, what felix said.

32

Ray 08.01.06 at 2:24 am

Having been on plenty of demonstrations that were described as ‘anti-globalisation’, I’m amazed that anybody with half a brain thinks this actually means the people on those demonstrations were opposed to any and all forms of international trade.
People are opposed to the terms of trade, they’re often opposed to international ownership/supply of some things that they think should be controlled within individual countries, some are opposed to the movement of industry from one country to another, or the trade in arms, or…, or…, or….
But the idea that something could be produced in one country and bought in another? Not so much.

33

bad Jim 08.01.06 at 2:42 am

Was it actually Larry Summers who suggested that Africa might be underpolluted? We continue to act as though we thought that the oceans are either a bottomless sink, or, like the average underdeveloped country, bound to benefit from any attention a rapacious neighbor might care to bestow.

Okay. We tacitly agree, when we erect a drilling platform, that we’re not poisoning ourselves by doing so, that we aren’t denying the produce of the sea to future generations. It’s self-evident at the moment that we need the oil no matter what else might be at stake, and the politics are the issue’s most amusing angle.

They are pretty damned amusing, but, people, we’re running out of fish. We’re running out of ocean. The layer of water and the layer of atmosphere are nearly equally thin, and nearly equally stressed.

Florida or Cuba, deep ocean oil extraction is not what we should be doing.

34

Alex 08.01.06 at 3:53 am

Instead of pushing to the Baku oilfields, the Germans should have just realized, “Hey! Oil is fungible, we’ll just buy it on the open market!”. Idiot.

Errr, that was precisely what they were doing up to the day in June, 1941 that they invaded the Soviet Union. Literally on the day prior to the invasion, trainloads of Soviet exports including, yes, oil were crossing the demarcation line into German territory. Under the terms of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, Germany and Russia concluded a huge trade agreement under which the USSR supplied the Germans with oil, grain, and chromium, and the Germans supplied them with manufactured goods. They only had a problem with oil supply because they decided, like Felix, that it doesn’t exist unless you park a flag on top of it or something. Until they tried to “control” it, they could buy all the oil they needed from Romania and the USSR.

Just another way in which invading Russia was really, really stupid.

35

ajay 08.01.06 at 4:07 am

Just to clarify, alex, they didn’t invade the USSR to get oil (and Romania was a German ally) but, once they had decided to invade, they had to push all the way to Baku in order to secure the oil that the war had deprived them of.
But good reminder: people forget that the tanks that conquered Poland and France and the aircraft that blitzed London were fuelled by Russian oil, and built (partly) of Russian metal.

36

Tim Worstall 08.01.06 at 5:42 am

Per slocum’s post. Just read “The J Curve” by Ian Bremmer (for a review). His take was that finding oil in Cuban waters would mean a reduction in the tourist industry in Cuba. Castro needs the foreign currency but if he can get it from oil instead of from all these pesky people who bring odd ideas into the country he’ll choke off one source and take it from the other.

37

Thom Brooks 08.01.06 at 5:48 am

On 15, yes, Kuwait illegally slant drilled for oil into an underground oil well under Iraq. This not only started the first Gulf War (discounting the Iran-Iraq war of 1980-88 then called “the Gulf War”), but also happened in the late ’70s: Iraq then as in 1989(?) went south of the border, burned and destroyed the Kuwaiti oil fields, but then retreated to Iraq.

The problem with Florida is the major tourist industry: no one there will want to see that damaged by having oil rigs in views and greasy stuff washing up on the shore. I can’t imagine the Floridians then building the pipeline and risking one of the state’s biggest assets.

The good news(?) for Cuba is that new oil will help keep the communist dream alive for them. Welcome to a new world of socialist, oil rich Latin America…?

38

bellatrys 08.01.06 at 7:04 am

It was well over a year ago that oil was found off Cuba, so it’s a pretty lame bit of coincidence, either that or “almost immediately” means something else here.

39

stostosto 08.01.06 at 9:09 am

Amazing. The Washington Post article gives the quantity of the Cuban find as between 4.6 and 9.3 billion barrels.

To get a sense of how much that is, I had a look at the BP Statistical Review of World Energy,. This gives US reserves as 29.3 bn barrels, Venezuela’s as 79.7; Mexico’s as 14.8; and Norway’s as 9.7.

Some back-of-the-envelope: If Cuba can sustain the same rate of production out of these new finds as Mexico (3.759 mbd) or Norway (2.969 mbd), it will be a significant oil exporter indeed. If we assume per capita consumption as high as that of the US, its 11.4 m people will only use around 0.8 mbd. If instead we assume a Venezuelan rate of consumption, Cubans will only use 0.25 mbd themselves, potentially allowing exports of maybe 2 mbd. In 2005 US imports stood at 10 mbd. Total exports from the Middle East was 17.4 mbd.

40

Tom T. 08.01.06 at 9:15 am

CNN.com is now reporting that Castro’s illness is due to “stress,” which suggests that he and Lindsay Lohan share the same publicist.

41

Maynard Handley 08.01.06 at 10:04 am

All this waffling about whether oil is or is not fungible is rather silly and completely misses the point.

While oil may be fungible, the PROFITS from oil are not. That, and only that, is what this is about. Will the profits to be made from this development accrue to those dirty smelly Europeans, Russians and Chinese, or to poor hardworking decent American executives?

42

felix 08.01.06 at 11:26 am

Literally on the day prior to the invasion, trainloads of Soviet exports including, yes, oil were crossing the demarcation line into German territory.

They were importing some Russian oil – but not enough:

At the outbreak of the war, Germany’s stockpiles of fuel consisted of a total of 15 million barrels. The campaigns in Norway, Holland, Belgium, and France added another 5 million barrels in booty, and imports from the Soviet Union accounted for 4 million barrels in 1940 and 1.6 million barrels in the first half of 1941. Yet a High Command study in May of 1941 noted that with monthly military requirements for 7.25 million barrels and imports and home production of only 5.35 million barrels, German stocks would be exhausted by August 1941. The 26 percent shortfall could only be made up with petroleum from Russia. The need to provide the lacking 1.9 million barrels per month and the urgency to gain possession of the Russian oil fields in the Caucasus mountains, together with Ukrainian grain and Donets coal, were thus prime elements in the German decision to invade the Soviet Union in June 1941.

43

Slocum 08.01.06 at 4:40 pm

While oil may be fungible, the PROFITS from oil are not. That, and only that, is what this is about. Will the profits to be made from this development accrue to those dirty smelly Europeans, Russians and Chinese, or to poor hardworking decent American executives?

Which is what I said. The profits that acrue from ownership of the fields will go to Cuba. As for the profits that acrue from the dev contracts — why would Castro award dev contracts to U.S. oil firms (under scenario #2) unless other concessions were forthcoming (e.g. complete end of the embargo)?

But even then, consider–if Cuba is really soon to be awash in petrodollars, Castro should prefer to keep the embargo (and the U.S. bogeyman) in place, and avoid the ‘corrupting’ influences of expanded U.S. trade. I really don’t see any likely scenario where Castro would award development contracts to U.S. firms in preference to others. So long as the communist government is in place, I don’t forsee any great profit opportunities for U.S. energy companies regardless of any changes in the embargo.

Yes, long-term contracts matter, and so does transport cost. It would make economic sense for Cuban oil to go to the U.S. rather than more distant markets. The embargo may be, indeed, be relaxed to allow this (as it was to allow agricultural exports to Cuba). If this happens it will be at market rates for long-term contracts. But this would not result in any particular profit windfall for U.S. oil companies. Shrug.

The worst of it for the U.S. is not that the U.S. doesn’t control the oil, it’s that Castro does — and the probability of communist government being replaced by something more reasonable when Castro is gone is diminished if the government suddenly has a major new source of funds. Conversely, as we’re seeing with Chavez, the probability is that Cuba will make a nuisance of itself with renewed vigor once it is pumped up on $70+ oil.

44

derrida derider 08.01.06 at 8:31 pm

the probability of communist government being replaced by something more reasonable when Castro is gone is diminished if the government suddenly has a major new source of funds

If by “reasonable” you mean pro-US I think you’ll be sorely disappointed in any case. If I was a Cuban of any ideological hue I wouldn’t be forgiving the US any time soon.

I think a post-Castro Cuban government is more, not less, likely to be anti-US if it is democratic – a principle that in other contexts (especially the ME) many Americans seem very slow to understand.

45

jet 08.01.06 at 10:44 pm

Derrida derider,
It has become blatantly obvious that you don’t live in Florida. That happens to be a large segment of US society who are either from Cuba or are Cuban-Americans who would whole-heartedly disagree with you.

I suspect their opinions are a bit more based on expert knowledge.

46

Thom Brooks 08.02.06 at 4:13 am

Jet–Whilst I agree that Cuban-Americans are very pro-US and anti-Castro, I doubt it has anything to do with their having “expert” knowledge. It was this group of Americans who gave “intelligence” to the US gov’t in the failed Bay of Pigs. Many come from well to do families understandably hoping to return to lost properties: I can understand their view, however much I don’t mind (but don’t care for) Castro.

47

mds 08.02.06 at 1:52 pm

Jet—Whilst I agree that Cuban-Americans are very pro-US and anti-Castro, I doubt it has anything to do with their having “expert” knowledge.

Indeed, I am not an expert on the outcomes of Swiss elections, despite my ancestry. Similarly, yet shockingly, many Cuban-Americans aren’t Cuban-born. And who’s to say a newly-democratic Cuba would allow a “right of return” to families that (1) supported the previous dictator, and (2) would be returning in an attempt to take property from its current owners?

48

Slocum 08.02.06 at 3:54 pm

If by “reasonable” you mean pro-US I think you’ll be sorely disappointed in any case. If I was a Cuban of any ideological hue I wouldn’t be forgiving the US any time soon.

To be honest, I don’t really give a crap about pro-US — what I mean by reasonable is less repressive and more democratic and also not inclined to support violent revolution elsewhere.

France and Germany, for example, are open, tolerant, and democratic even though public opinion is currently anti-US. If we ended up with a democratic Cuba whose citizens, on the whole, didn’t like the US, that’d be fine.

49

Thom Brooks 08.03.06 at 6:20 am

Not sure, mds, how your post in on topic…? I agree that a “right of return” is pretty unlikely, although I imagine many Cuban-Americans (wherever they were born) hope they will be able to reclaim abandoned/stolen property one day.

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