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	<title>Comments on: Plural of Data ≠ Anecdote</title>
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	<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2006/08/29/plural-of-data-%e2%89%a0-anecdote/</link>
	<description>Out of the crooked timber of humanity, no straight thing was ever made</description>
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		<title>By: Tim Worstall</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2006/08/29/plural-of-data-%e2%89%a0-anecdote/comment-page-1/#comment-170360</link>
		<dc:creator>Tim Worstall</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Aug 2006 08:26:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/2006/08/29/plural-of-data-%e2%89%a0-anecdote/#comment-170360</guid>
		<description>&quot;The Census Bureau reported Tuesday that 37 million Americans were living under the poverty line last year—about 12.6 percent of the population. That’s down from 12.7 percent in 2004, but census officials said the change was statistically insignificant.&quot;

Err, no, that isn’t what was reported at all. Yes, what was reported was that 12.6% of the population was below the Federal Poverty Line. This is not, not at all, the same as saying that 12.6% of the population were living below the poverty line.
The poverty rate as reported is calculated before the impact of both the tax system and in kind benefits. Given that the major programs of poverty alleviation in the US are via the tax system (the EITC) and in kind benefits (Medicaid, housing vouchers and food stamps) the number below that poverty rate is not a guide to the number living in poverty.
It is a guide to the number of people who need help in order not to live in poverty, but it does not measure most of the help that they do receive.

Whether people should receive more help (as I’d guess most people here would insist they should) is an entirely different question. But to talk about poverty we should at least be talking about how much there is after whatever alleviation has been done, not about how much there is before, otherwise, how would we know how much more alleviation we ought to do?

For example, the US could use the same measurements of poverty as most of Europe (and I think codified by the OECD): post-tax, post-benefit, less than 60% of median income, adjusted for household size.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>&#8220;The Census Bureau reported Tuesday that 37 million Americans were living under the poverty line last year&#8212;about 12.6 percent of the population. That&#8217;s down from 12.7 percent in 2004, but census officials said the change was statistically insignificant.&#8221;</p>

	<p>Err, no, that isn&#8217;t what was reported at all. Yes, what was reported was that 12.6% of the population was below the Federal Poverty Line. This is not, not at all, the same as saying that 12.6% of the population were living below the poverty line.<br />
The poverty rate as reported is calculated before the impact of both the tax system and in kind benefits. Given that the major programs of poverty alleviation in the US are via the tax system (the <span class="caps">EITC</span>) and in kind benefits (Medicaid, housing vouchers and food stamps) the number below that poverty rate is not a guide to the number living in poverty.<br />
It is a guide to the number of people who need help in order not to live in poverty, but it does not measure most of the help that they do receive.</p>

	<p>Whether people should receive more help (as I&#8217;d guess most people here would insist they should) is an entirely different question. But to talk about poverty we should at least be talking about how much there is after whatever alleviation has been done, not about how much there is before, otherwise, how would we know how much more alleviation we ought to do?</p>

	<p>For example, the US could use the same measurements of poverty as most of Europe (and I think codified by the <span class="caps">OECD</span>): post-tax, post-benefit, less than 60% of median income, adjusted for household size.</p>
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		<title>By: nick s</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2006/08/29/plural-of-data-%e2%89%a0-anecdote/comment-page-1/#comment-170358</link>
		<dc:creator>nick s</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Aug 2006 07:29:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/2006/08/29/plural-of-data-%e2%89%a0-anecdote/#comment-170358</guid>
		<description>Gah. &#039;Data&#039;. My typist is now among the ranks of the unemployed.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Gah. &#8216;Data&#8217;. My typist is now among the ranks of the unemployed.</p>
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		<title>By: nick s</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2006/08/29/plural-of-data-%e2%89%a0-anecdote/comment-page-1/#comment-170357</link>
		<dc:creator>nick s</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Aug 2006 07:27:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/2006/08/29/plural-of-data-%e2%89%a0-anecdote/#comment-170357</guid>
		<description>Perhaps if the title had been &quot;You keep using that word. I do not think it means what you think it means&quot; then thomas wouldn&#039;t have bothered providing ample date to prove how stupid he is.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Perhaps if the title had been &#8220;You keep using that word. I do not think it means what you think it means&#8221; then thomas wouldn&#8217;t have bothered providing ample date to prove how stupid he is.</p>
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		<title>By: +h0m4s</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2006/08/29/plural-of-data-%e2%89%a0-anecdote/comment-page-1/#comment-170352</link>
		<dc:creator>+h0m4s</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Aug 2006 05:37:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/2006/08/29/plural-of-data-%e2%89%a0-anecdote/#comment-170352</guid>
		<description>guys, it&#039;s pretty simple: i overheard a conversation in a bar one time where you can prove using pictures that the government will always actually increase its revenue by cutting taxes. And then there are the leading indicators. I tried to do the same thing to Kieran&#039;s post about demography. Apparently I seem to be the only one who doesn&#039;t understand the point of blog posts. I don&#039;t believe blogs exist, or if they do, they are purely anecdotal.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>guys, it&#8217;s pretty simple: i overheard a conversation in a bar one time where you can prove using pictures that the government will always actually increase its revenue by cutting taxes. And then there are the leading indicators. I tried to do the same thing to Kieran&#8217;s post about demography. Apparently I seem to be the only one who doesn&#8217;t understand the point of blog posts. I don&#8217;t believe blogs exist, or if they do, they are purely anecdotal.</p>
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		<title>By: Uncle Kvetch</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2006/08/29/plural-of-data-%e2%89%a0-anecdote/comment-page-1/#comment-170350</link>
		<dc:creator>Uncle Kvetch</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Aug 2006 03:31:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/2006/08/29/plural-of-data-%e2%89%a0-anecdote/#comment-170350</guid>
		<description>I surrender, Thomas--I have no idea what the fuck your point is, or even if you have one. I guess that means you win.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>I surrender, Thomas&#8212;I have no idea what the fuck your point is, or even if you have one. I guess that means you win.</p>
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		<title>By: Walt</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2006/08/29/plural-of-data-%e2%89%a0-anecdote/comment-page-1/#comment-170345</link>
		<dc:creator>Walt</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Aug 2006 01:32:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/2006/08/29/plural-of-data-%e2%89%a0-anecdote/#comment-170345</guid>
		<description>Woo-hoo!  Thomas has won!  He has completely derailed the thread!  Congratulations, Thomas!  I&#039;m sure there will be slaps on the back all around at the watercooler at whatever wingnut-billionaire think-tank you call home.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Woo-hoo!  Thomas has won!  He has completely derailed the thread!  Congratulations, Thomas!  I&#8217;m sure there will be slaps on the back all around at the watercooler at whatever wingnut-billionaire think-tank you call home.</p>
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		<title>By: Thomas</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2006/08/29/plural-of-data-%e2%89%a0-anecdote/comment-page-1/#comment-170337</link>
		<dc:creator>Thomas</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Aug 2006 00:17:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/2006/08/29/plural-of-data-%e2%89%a0-anecdote/#comment-170337</guid>
		<description>UK, you&#039;re wrong--Henry isn&#039;t trying to understand anything about the merits of Pence&#039;s claims at all.  See his most recent post.  But, tell me, did the &quot;data&quot; released today cause you to revisit the merits of tax cuts?  

I didn&#039;t think so.  Following Henry&#039;s lead, we can ignore the merits and safely conclude that you aren&#039;t any better than Pence.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>UK, you&#8217;re wrong&#8212;Henry isn&#8217;t trying to understand anything about the merits of Pence&#8217;s claims at all.  See his most recent post.  But, tell me, did the &#8220;data&#8221; released today cause you to revisit the merits of tax cuts?</p>

	<p>I didn&#8217;t think so.  Following Henry&#8217;s lead, we can ignore the merits and safely conclude that you aren&#8217;t any better than Pence.</p>
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		<title>By: Uncle Kvetch</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2006/08/29/plural-of-data-%e2%89%a0-anecdote/comment-page-1/#comment-170327</link>
		<dc:creator>Uncle Kvetch</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 29 Aug 2006 22:50:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/2006/08/29/plural-of-data-%e2%89%a0-anecdote/#comment-170327</guid>
		<description>God help me, I shouldn&#039;t...but I&#039;m powerless to resist.

&lt;i&gt;Of course, just like the “data” cited in the article, the new “data” didn’t resolve the merits of Pence’s claims at all, as anyone can see. &lt;/i&gt;

Thomas, Pence is claiming that tax cuts will help the poor. Five and a half years into the Bush administration, the poverty rate is higher than it was when Bush took office.

Please...no joking this time...just what kind of data &lt;i&gt;would&lt;/i&gt; &quot;resolve the merits of Pence&#039;s claims&quot;? I&#039;m struggling as much as Henry to see what, if any, point you&#039;re trying to make here. My sneaking suspicion is that as long as the poverty rate kept going up, or remained stable, you&#039;d be telling us that it&#039;s &quot;too soon to tell&quot; whether the tax cuts are going to work. Am I getting warmer?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>God help me, I shouldn&#8217;t&#8230;but I&#8217;m powerless to resist.</p>

	<p><i>Of course, just like the &#8220;data&#8221; cited in the article, the new &#8220;data&#8221; didn&#8217;t resolve the merits of Pence&#8217;s claims at all, as anyone can see. </i></p>

	<p>Thomas, Pence is claiming that tax cuts will help the poor. Five and a half years into the Bush administration, the poverty rate is higher than it was when Bush took office.</p>

	<p>Please&#8230;no joking this time&#8230;just what kind of data <i>would</i> &#8220;resolve the merits of Pence&#8217;s claims&#8221;? I&#8217;m struggling as much as Henry to see what, if any, point you&#8217;re trying to make here. My sneaking suspicion is that as long as the poverty rate kept going up, or remained stable, you&#8217;d be telling us that it&#8217;s &#8220;too soon to tell&#8221; whether the tax cuts are going to work. Am I getting warmer?</p>
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		<title>By: Thomas</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2006/08/29/plural-of-data-%e2%89%a0-anecdote/comment-page-1/#comment-170325</link>
		<dc:creator>Thomas</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 29 Aug 2006 21:58:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/2006/08/29/plural-of-data-%e2%89%a0-anecdote/#comment-170325</guid>
		<description>henry, I got the joke.  I even noted how clever you are. 
I too made a joke, also about standards of evidence.  After all, if, as the Times (and some others) suggest, the &quot;data&quot; on poverty is in tension with Pence&#039;s views, then surely the new &quot;data&quot; will be relevant to the discussion--so I jokingly said that the new &quot;data&quot; showed Pence was right.  Of course, just like the &quot;data&quot; cited in the article, the new &quot;data&quot; didn&#039;t resolve the merits of Pence&#039;s claims at all, as anyone can see.   You just didn&#039;t see that I was joking, which of course is my fault, not yours.  I remain confused about your references to &quot;facts&quot; and &quot;actual issues&quot; and the question of whether &quot;Pence was right all along&quot; because those seem entirely unrelated to what you say your point with the post was, but I suppose I shall remain confused, because this has gone on too long.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>henry, I got the joke.  I even noted how clever you are.<br />
I too made a joke, also about standards of evidence.  After all, if, as the Times (and some others) suggest, the &#8220;data&#8221; on poverty is in tension with Pence&#8217;s views, then surely the new &#8220;data&#8221; will be relevant to the discussion&#8212;so I jokingly said that the new &#8220;data&#8221; showed Pence was right.  Of course, just like the &#8220;data&#8221; cited in the article, the new &#8220;data&#8221; didn&#8217;t resolve the merits of Pence&#8217;s claims at all, as anyone can see.   You just didn&#8217;t see that I was joking, which of course is my fault, not yours.  I remain confused about your references to &#8220;facts&#8221; and &#8220;actual issues&#8221; and the question of whether &#8220;Pence was right all along&#8221; because those seem entirely unrelated to what you say your point with the post was, but I suppose I shall remain confused, because this has gone on too long.</p>
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		<title>By: a different chris</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2006/08/29/plural-of-data-%e2%89%a0-anecdote/comment-page-1/#comment-170324</link>
		<dc:creator>a different chris</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 29 Aug 2006 21:56:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/2006/08/29/plural-of-data-%e2%89%a0-anecdote/#comment-170324</guid>
		<description>Henry, your efforts have maybe given another angel it&#039;s wings but are wasted on Thomas.

Anyway, there&#039;s an even weirder thing about this anectdote.  I dunno about &quot;Old Europe&quot;, but a lot of people seem to think a pipefitter is a plumber.

They are not, at least not the plumbers you find in the consumer Yellow Pages:

http://www.ua449.com/home.htm

They are a heavily unionized group of people that tend to work on big projects and have a very long historical lineage (hence the &quot;Steamfitters&quot;).  I guess one of the &quot;Reagan Democrats&quot; *could* have said that, but it&#039;s a little strange to think so.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Henry, your efforts have maybe given another angel it&#8217;s wings but are wasted on Thomas.</p>

	<p>Anyway, there&#8217;s an even weirder thing about this anectdote.  I dunno about &#8220;Old Europe&#8221;, but a lot of people seem to think a pipefitter is a plumber.</p>

	<p>They are not, at least not the plumbers you find in the consumer Yellow Pages:</p>

	<p><a href="http://www.ua449.com/home.htm" rel="nofollow">http://www.ua449.com/home.htm</a></p>

	<p>They are a heavily unionized group of people that tend to work on big projects and have a very long historical lineage (hence the &#8220;Steamfitters&#8221;).  I guess one of the &#8220;Reagan Democrats&#8221; <strong>could</strong> have said that, but it&#8217;s a little strange to think so.</p>
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		<title>By: Henry</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2006/08/29/plural-of-data-%e2%89%a0-anecdote/comment-page-1/#comment-170323</link>
		<dc:creator>Henry</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 29 Aug 2006 21:15:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/2006/08/29/plural-of-data-%e2%89%a0-anecdote/#comment-170323</guid>
		<description>Thomas - let me explain the post in terms suitable for the meanest understanding. I&#039;ll try not to use too many long or complicated words. Mike Pence dismissed real data which was counter to his prejudices as &quot;anecdotal.&quot; He then proceeded to support his own point of view with an anecdote. There is a saying, common in the social sciences that the plural of anecdote is not data. Therefore, the joke that Mike Pence dismissed &quot;plural&quot; data as being an anecdote. Got it? It&#039;s not a post on the relationship between tax cuts and poverty. It&#039;s explicitly a post on the way in which Mike Pence treats evidence. And this discussion, which has gone on too long, is about the way that you&#039;ve tried to derail argument by (a) introducing the irrelevant fact that the NYT has mentioned some of this in a previous story, and (b) making the bullshit claim that a statistically insignificant drop in the poverty rate proves that Pence was right all along.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Thomas &#8211; let me explain the post in terms suitable for the meanest understanding. I&#8217;ll try not to use too many long or complicated words. Mike Pence dismissed real data which was counter to his prejudices as &#8220;anecdotal.&#8221; He then proceeded to support his own point of view with an anecdote. There is a saying, common in the social sciences that the plural of anecdote is not data. Therefore, the joke that Mike Pence dismissed &#8220;plural&#8221; data as being an anecdote. Got it? It&#8217;s not a post on the relationship between tax cuts and poverty. It&#8217;s explicitly a post on the way in which Mike Pence treats evidence. And this discussion, which has gone on too long, is about the way that you&#8217;ve tried to derail argument by (a) introducing the irrelevant fact that the <span class="caps">NYT</span> has mentioned some of this in a previous story, and (b) making the bullshit claim that a statistically insignificant drop in the poverty rate proves that Pence was right all along.</p>
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		<title>By: John I</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2006/08/29/plural-of-data-%e2%89%a0-anecdote/comment-page-1/#comment-170322</link>
		<dc:creator>John I</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 29 Aug 2006 20:58:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/2006/08/29/plural-of-data-%e2%89%a0-anecdote/#comment-170322</guid>
		<description>There&#039;s poverty, and there&#039;s severe poverty which has been rising under GWB:

http://www.newswise.com/articles/view/522916/?sc=dwhp

Data is is parsable into more than anecdote.

via Ezra Klein:
http://ezraklein.typepad.com/</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>There&#8217;s poverty, and there&#8217;s severe poverty which has been rising under <span class="caps">GWB</span>:</p>

	<p><a href="http://www.newswise.com/articles/view/522916/?sc=dwhp" rel="nofollow">http://www.newswise.com/articles/view/522916/?sc=dwhp</a></p>

	<p>Data is is parsable into more than anecdote.</p>

	<p>via Ezra Klein:<br />
<a href="http://ezraklein.typepad.com/" rel="nofollow">http://ezraklein.typepad.com/</a></p>
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		<title>By: Thomas</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2006/08/29/plural-of-data-%e2%89%a0-anecdote/comment-page-1/#comment-170321</link>
		<dc:creator>Thomas</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 29 Aug 2006 20:54:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/2006/08/29/plural-of-data-%e2%89%a0-anecdote/#comment-170321</guid>
		<description>henry, that repeats your assertion that there&#039;s some sort of argument here, but I still don&#039;t see what argument you&#039;re making.  Are you saying that the fact of four years of increases in the poverty rate (followed, as it happens, by a statistically insignificant decline in the poverty rate) answers the question of whether tax cuts stimulate the economy?  I&#039;m not sure what the proper response to such an inanity is--surely it isn&#039;t Pence&#039;s response.  Maybe eye rolling? 

The standards for argument are certainly very broad when your framing up Pence&#039;s response counts as an argument in itself.  I thought my initial response--which focused on the concept of &quot;data&quot; you were using--was right on point.  If it&#039;s &quot;evidence&quot; that&#039;s the core of your argument, have you reconsidered the argument&#039;s merits today, in light of the Census report?  How has your reaction differed from Pence&#039;s?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>henry, that repeats your assertion that there&#8217;s some sort of argument here, but I still don&#8217;t see what argument you&#8217;re making.  Are you saying that the fact of four years of increases in the poverty rate (followed, as it happens, by a statistically insignificant decline in the poverty rate) answers the question of whether tax cuts stimulate the economy?  I&#8217;m not sure what the proper response to such an inanity is&#8212;surely it isn&#8217;t Pence&#8217;s response.  Maybe eye rolling?</p>

	<p>The standards for argument are certainly very broad when your framing up Pence&#8217;s response counts as an argument in itself.  I thought my initial response&#8212;which focused on the concept of &#8220;data&#8221; you were using&#8212;was right on point.  If it&#8217;s &#8220;evidence&#8221; that&#8217;s the core of your argument, have you reconsidered the argument&#8217;s merits today, in light of the Census report?  How has your reaction differed from Pence&#8217;s?</p>
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		<title>By: Henry</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2006/08/29/plural-of-data-%e2%89%a0-anecdote/comment-page-1/#comment-170316</link>
		<dc:creator>Henry</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 29 Aug 2006 19:57:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/2006/08/29/plural-of-data-%e2%89%a0-anecdote/#comment-170316</guid>
		<description>Thomas, your post consisted of a _No! No! Look over here!_ irrelevancy and a bogus factual claim. The Unteachable in Defence of the Indefensible. I know that lawyers are supposed to make bad cases sound good when they&#039;re stuck defending them, but really, you should either do a better job than this or remain silent. We have pretty broad standards for contributions to argument here at CT, but you&#039;re failing them badly. If I see comments as wilfully stupid as your first comment to this post in the future, I&#039;ll delete &#039;em. If they make some minimal contribution to argument I&#039;ll let them stand.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Thomas, your post consisted of a <em>No! No! Look over here!</em> irrelevancy and a bogus factual claim. The Unteachable in Defence of the Indefensible. I know that lawyers are supposed to make bad cases sound good when they&#8217;re stuck defending them, but really, you should either do a better job than this or remain silent. We have pretty broad standards for contributions to argument here at CT, but you&#8217;re failing them badly. If I see comments as wilfully stupid as your first comment to this post in the future, I&#8217;ll delete &#8216;em. If they make some minimal contribution to argument I&#8217;ll let them stand.</p>
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		<title>By: Dæn</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2006/08/29/plural-of-data-%e2%89%a0-anecdote/comment-page-1/#comment-170315</link>
		<dc:creator>Dæn</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 29 Aug 2006 19:18:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/2006/08/29/plural-of-data-%e2%89%a0-anecdote/#comment-170315</guid>
		<description>Hah, this quote should be reworked as an 8th-grade standardized vocab item:

&lt;blockquote&gt;Mr. Pence argued that tax cuts help the poor by revving the economy. That may eventually prove true, but despite large tax cuts the poverty rate has risen in each of the last four years. “That’s &lt;strong&gt;(anecdotal/a conclusion based on the best statistical evidence we have available)&lt;/strong&gt;,” Mr. Pence said in an interview last fall. Then he offered an &lt;strong&gt;(anecdote/self-sufficiently persuasive economic argument in convenient homily form)&lt;/strong&gt; — a story President Reagan told about a pipe fitter pleased to see the rich prosper, “because I’ve never been hired by a poor man.”&lt;/blockquote&gt;

This would at least help us suss out whether Pence is genuinely treacherous in his term-twisting or merely ignorant.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Hah, this quote should be reworked as an 8th-grade standardized vocab item:</p>

	<p><blockquote>Mr. Pence argued that tax cuts help the poor by revving the economy. That may eventually prove true, but despite large tax cuts the poverty rate has risen in each of the last four years. &#8220;That&#8217;s <strong>(anecdotal/a conclusion based on the best statistical evidence we have available)</strong>,&#8221; Mr. Pence said in an interview last fall. Then he offered an <strong>(anecdote/self-sufficiently persuasive economic argument in convenient homily form)</strong> &#8212; a story President Reagan told about a pipe fitter pleased to see the rich prosper, &#8220;because I&#8217;ve never been hired by a poor man.&#8221;</blockquote></p>

	<p>This would at least help us suss out whether Pence is genuinely treacherous in his term-twisting or merely ignorant.</p>
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