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	<title>Comments on: Something funny with the hedge funds</title>
	<atom:link href="http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/</link>
	<description>Out of the crooked timber of humanity, no straight thing was ever made</description>
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		<title>By: Neil B.</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/comment-page-1/#comment-217067</link>
		<dc:creator>Neil B.</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 06 Nov 2007 20:42:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/#comment-217067</guid>
		<description>It&#039;s easier to just tax all the earnings the same rate anyway (with indexing of some kind being fair) instead of having to worry about which is which, true?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>It&#8217;s easier to just tax all the earnings the same rate anyway (with indexing of some kind being fair) instead of having to worry about which is which, true?</p>
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		<title>By: Bernard Yomtov</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/comment-page-1/#comment-216488</link>
		<dc:creator>Bernard Yomtov</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 02 Nov 2007 19:21:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/#comment-216488</guid>
		<description>&lt;i&gt;And currently, no, it’s not taxed as income.&lt;/i&gt;

Tim,

I do not think this is correct, at least in the US. See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/uscode26/usc_sec_26_00000083----000-.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this.&lt;/a&gt;

&lt;i&gt;If, in connection with the performance of services, property is transferred to any person other than the person for whom such services are performed, the excess of—
(1) the fair market value of such property .... over
(2) the amount (if any) paid for such property, shall be included in the gross income of the person who performed such services...&lt;/i&gt;

I&#039;ve skipped a lot of business about restrictions nd transferability, etc. 

As a practical matter the kind of transaction you are talking about often occurs when the company is organized, and the value of the equity is usually small, so there may be little practical effect. But the idea that you can dodge the tax by changing the time at which the grant is made does not seem correct to me. 

A different case occurs, I think, when the equity is, in effect, given in exchange not for management services but for the contribution of an asset, often a piece of intellectual property, which forms a part of the business.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p><i>And currently, no, it&#8217;s not taxed as income.</i></p>

	<p>Tim,</p>

	<p>I do not think this is correct, at least in the US. See <a href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/uscode26/usc_sec_26_00000083----000-.html" rel="nofollow">this.</a></p>

	<p><i>If, in connection with the performance of services, property is transferred to any person other than the person for whom such services are performed, the excess of&#8212;<br />
(1) the fair market value of such property &#8230;. over<br />
(2) the amount (if any) paid for such property, shall be included in the gross income of the person who performed such services&#8230;</i></p>

	<p>I&#8217;ve skipped a lot of business about restrictions nd transferability, etc.</p>

	<p>As a practical matter the kind of transaction you are talking about often occurs when the company is organized, and the value of the equity is usually small, so there may be little practical effect. But the idea that you can dodge the tax by changing the time at which the grant is made does not seem correct to me.</p>

	<p>A different case occurs, I think, when the equity is, in effect, given in exchange not for management services but for the contribution of an asset, often a piece of intellectual property, which forms a part of the business.</p>
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		<title>By: David Kane</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/comment-page-1/#comment-216477</link>
		<dc:creator>David Kane</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 02 Nov 2007 18:48:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/#comment-216477</guid>
		<description>Although I hesitate to disagree with dsquared about something closer (?) to his area of professional expertise, I do not think that the distinction between carried interest and capital gains is as easy to make as he implies. For more detail, see these posts (&lt;a href=&quot;http://equityprivate.typepad.com/ep/2006/03/_yesterday_vict.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://equityprivate.typepad.com/ep/2007/05/fairing_up_carr.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;)  by Equity Private.

The short version is that high-priced lawyers and lobbyists are really good at putting &quot;income&quot; into whatever category is least taxed, however the tax code is constructed. And, moreover, off-share havens beckon.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Although I hesitate to disagree with dsquared about something closer (?) to his area of professional expertise, I do not think that the distinction between carried interest and capital gains is as easy to make as he implies. For more detail, see these posts (<a href="http://equityprivate.typepad.com/ep/2006/03/_yesterday_vict.html" rel="nofollow">here</a> and <a href="http://equityprivate.typepad.com/ep/2007/05/fairing_up_carr.html" rel="nofollow">here</a>)  by Equity Private.</p>

	<p>The short version is that high-priced lawyers and lobbyists are really good at putting &#8220;income&#8221; into whatever category is least taxed, however the tax code is constructed. And, moreover, off-share havens beckon.</p>
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		<title>By: Tim Worstall</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/comment-page-1/#comment-216435</link>
		<dc:creator>Tim Worstall</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 02 Nov 2007 16:54:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/#comment-216435</guid>
		<description>&quot;Yes, but if the entrepreneur is rewarded with equity for his services in running the business that equity is in fact considered as ordinary income at the time received.&quot;

If he gets it by grant of share options, yes. But if, as is entirely normal, the entrepreneur sets up the deal at the beginning along the lines of &quot;Yes, I know I&#039;m only putting in £500 but I&#039;ll also be managing it for the next 3 years so I get 40% of the equity&quot; then that appears to me to be very much the same as carried interest. And currently, no, it&#039;s not taxed as income.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>&#8220;Yes, but if the entrepreneur is rewarded with equity for his services in running the business that equity is in fact considered as ordinary income at the time received.&#8221;</p>

	<p>If he gets it by grant of share options, yes. But if, as is entirely normal, the entrepreneur sets up the deal at the beginning along the lines of &#8220;Yes, I know I&#8217;m only putting in &#163;500 but I&#8217;ll also be managing it for the next 3 years so I get 40% of the equity&#8221; then that appears to me to be very much the same as carried interest. And currently, no, it&#8217;s not taxed as income.</p>
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		<title>By: Mommybrain</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/comment-page-1/#comment-216429</link>
		<dc:creator>Mommybrain</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 02 Nov 2007 16:41:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/#comment-216429</guid>
		<description>Blackmail, extortion, whatever you call it it is still odious.  While it may be business as usual for the CEO class running the government into the ground right now, it is still odious.

A glimpse into the over-arching modus operandi of this administration? Hmmmm.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Blackmail, extortion, whatever you call it it is still odious.  While it may be business as usual for the <span class="caps">CEO</span> class running the government into the ground right now, it is still odious.</p>

	<p>A glimpse into the over-arching modus operandi of this administration? Hmmmm.</p>
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		<title>By: OnePoliticalVoice Blogs &#187; Blog Archive &#187; Did lobbyist blackmail save billonaire hedge fund managers from paying taxes?</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/comment-page-1/#comment-216397</link>
		<dc:creator>OnePoliticalVoice Blogs &#187; Blog Archive &#187; Did lobbyist blackmail save billonaire hedge fund managers from paying taxes?</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 02 Nov 2007 15:33:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/#comment-216397</guid>
		<description>[...] post suggests actual blackmail may have been part of why the Democrats didn&#8217;t close the loophole [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>[...] post suggests actual blackmail may have been part of why the Democrats didn&#8217;t close the loophole [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Bernard Yomtov</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/comment-page-1/#comment-216377</link>
		<dc:creator>Bernard Yomtov</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 02 Nov 2007 14:19:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/#comment-216377</guid>
		<description>&lt;i&gt;The actual equity investment in such a thing is often very small. What gets the entrepreneur his chunk of equity is the time put in attempting to grow the business. That appears to be, at least to me, income for his work just as much as carried interest is.&lt;/i&gt;

Yes, but if the entrepreneur is rewarded with equity for his services in running the business that equity is in fact considered as ordinary income at the time received. Capital gains treatment is only available when the business is sold. At that time the entrepreneur has already paid (or should have paid) ordinary income tax on the value of the equity at the time he received it. The capital gain comes when the equity is sold at a higher price.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p><i>The actual equity investment in such a thing is often very small. What gets the entrepreneur his chunk of equity is the time put in attempting to grow the business. That appears to be, at least to me, income for his work just as much as carried interest is.</i></p>

	<p>Yes, but if the entrepreneur is rewarded with equity for his services in running the business that equity is in fact considered as ordinary income at the time received. Capital gains treatment is only available when the business is sold. At that time the entrepreneur has already paid (or should have paid) ordinary income tax on the value of the equity at the time he received it. The capital gain comes when the equity is sold at a higher price.</p>
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		<title>By: lemuel pitkin</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/comment-page-1/#comment-216372</link>
		<dc:creator>lemuel pitkin</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 02 Nov 2007 13:51:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/#comment-216372</guid>
		<description>14-

Fair enough but what does that have to do with carried interest?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>14-</p>

	<p>Fair enough but what does that have to do with carried interest?</p>
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		<title>By: bi</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/comment-page-1/#comment-216360</link>
		<dc:creator>bi</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 02 Nov 2007 12:09:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/#comment-216360</guid>
		<description>jonst, it seems it&#039;s the opposite end that&#039;s being blackballed.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>jonst, it seems it&#8217;s the opposite end that&#8217;s being blackballed.</p>
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		<title>By: Tim Worstall</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/comment-page-1/#comment-216358</link>
		<dc:creator>Tim Worstall</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 02 Nov 2007 11:41:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/#comment-216358</guid>
		<description>My talk of &quot;sweat equity&quot; was from my own viewpoint as someone who has started several small businesses (all of which, alas, remained small).
The actual equity investment in such a thing is often very small. What gets the entrepreneur his chunk of equity is the time put in attempting to grow the business. That appears to be, at least to me, income for his work just as much as carried interest is.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>My talk of &#8220;sweat equity&#8221; was from my own viewpoint as someone who has started several small businesses (all of which, alas, remained small).<br />
The actual equity investment in such a thing is often very small. What gets the entrepreneur his chunk of equity is the time put in attempting to grow the business. That appears to be, at least to me, income for his work just as much as carried interest is.</p>
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		<title>By: jonst</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/comment-page-1/#comment-216353</link>
		<dc:creator>jonst</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 02 Nov 2007 11:23:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/#comment-216353</guid>
		<description>You DO watch too much Italian TV Syd! The lesson, or one of them, learned from McCarthyism, was: The more specialized one&#039;s profession, the easier it is to blackball them. 

The higher up the ladder you go....the less effort it takes to pull you down. Professionally. And when you spend years and years and years of post grad, or post doc work, and money, you have a real vested interest to protect. 

It works almost every time.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>You DO watch too much Italian <span class="caps">TV </span>Syd! The lesson, or one of them, learned from McCarthyism, was: The more specialized one&#8217;s profession, the easier it is to blackball them.</p>

	<p>The higher up the ladder you go&#8230;.the less effort it takes to pull you down. Professionally. And when you spend years and years and years of post grad, or post doc work, and money, you have a real vested interest to protect.</p>

	<p>It works almost every time.</p>
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		<title>By: jhe</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/comment-page-1/#comment-216349</link>
		<dc:creator>jhe</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 02 Nov 2007 10:56:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/#comment-216349</guid>
		<description>I think Sydd&#039;s example is actually extortion.  Blackmail is more along the lines of &quot;it would be unfortunate if knowledge of your youthful experimentation with wet suits were to become more widely known, Congressman - the press being the prurient bastards that they are.&quot;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>I think Sydd&#8217;s example is actually extortion.  Blackmail is more along the lines of &#8220;it would be unfortunate if knowledge of your youthful experimentation with wet suits were to become more widely known, Congressman &#8211; the press being the prurient bastards that they are.&#8221; </p>
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		<title>By: Sebastian Holsclaw</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/comment-page-1/#comment-216327</link>
		<dc:creator>Sebastian Holsclaw</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 02 Nov 2007 06:57:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/#comment-216327</guid>
		<description>&quot;To try to answer Sebastian Holsclaw’s question, hedge funds take a percentage of the assets under their charge and a percentage of the profit (the so-called 2 and 20).&quot;

But that is method-of-payment for fees they earn.  If they pay taxes on it and then invest for more than a year they can get capital gains treatment, but how do they get it when they first earn the payment.  Compensation in equities doesn&#039;t get you capital gains treatment--see executive stock options which are treated as ordinary income when exercised.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>&#8220;To try to answer Sebastian Holsclaw&#8217;s question, hedge funds take a percentage of the assets under their charge and a percentage of the profit (the so-called 2 and 20).&#8221;</p>

	<p>But that is method-of-payment for fees they earn.  If they pay taxes on it and then invest for more than a year they can get capital gains treatment, but how do they get it when they first earn the payment.  Compensation in equities doesn&#8217;t get you capital gains treatment&#8212;see executive stock options which are treated as ordinary income when exercised.</p>
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		<title>By: mpowell</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/comment-page-1/#comment-216303</link>
		<dc:creator>mpowell</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 02 Nov 2007 01:16:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/#comment-216303</guid>
		<description>I too am perplexed as to how hedge fund managers have been able to classify what is clearly income as &#039;carried interest&#039;.  If anyone is capable of enlightening me, I would be delighted to learn.  It sounds like some here have some idea of the distinction or there wouldn&#039;t have been this talk of &#039;sweat&#039; equity that I am not familiar with...</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>I too am perplexed as to how hedge fund managers have been able to classify what is clearly income as &#8216;carried interest&#8217;.  If anyone is capable of enlightening me, I would be delighted to learn.  It sounds like some here have some idea of the distinction or there wouldn&#8217;t have been this talk of &#8216;sweat&#8217; equity that I am not familiar with&#8230;</p>
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		<title>By: Brad Holden</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/comment-page-1/#comment-216294</link>
		<dc:creator>Brad Holden</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 02 Nov 2007 00:15:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/2007/11/01/something-funny-with-the-hedge-funds/#comment-216294</guid>
		<description>To try to answer Sebastian Holsclaw&#039;s question, hedge funds take a percentage of the assets under their charge and a percentage of the profit (the so-called 2 and 20).  I gather that they can argue that this is like interest and not income.  But I am not a tax lawyer.

My favorite part is that the managers do not share in the losses of the fund, only in the profits.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>To try to answer Sebastian Holsclaw&#8217;s question, hedge funds take a percentage of the assets under their charge and a percentage of the profit (the so-called 2 and 20).  I gather that they can argue that this is like interest and not income.  But I am not a tax lawyer.</p>

	<p>My favorite part is that the managers do not share in the losses of the fund, only in the profits.</p>
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