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	<title>Comments on: Pain and inequality</title>
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	<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/05/06/pain-and-inequality/</link>
	<description>Out of the crooked timber of humanity, no straight thing was ever made</description>
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		<title>By: dpirate</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/05/06/pain-and-inequality/comment-page-1/#comment-239629</link>
		<dc:creator>dpirate</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 12 May 2008 02:38:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=6895#comment-239629</guid>
		<description>The causation mechanism is both cultural and learned. The poor guy is not only the recipient of more pain due to the relative safety level of his occupation (cuts, bruises, backache etc), but he is subject to pressure by his employer and peers to &#039;walk it off&#039;. In the highrt-income scenario, this pressure is real only recreationally (sports or exercise). He becomes inured. That&#039;s all it is.

Yes, physical labor ruins the body (and the mind, depending), but where retirement is concerned it would be more useful to have hard data of disability claims than subjective ideas of pain tolerance.

BTW, lets not privatise SS, unless the aim is to have old folks dying in the street.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>The causation mechanism is both cultural and learned. The poor guy is not only the recipient of more pain due to the relative safety level of his occupation (cuts, bruises, backache etc), but he is subject to pressure by his employer and peers to &#8216;walk it off&#8217;. In the highrt-income scenario, this pressure is real only recreationally (sports or exercise). He becomes inured. That&#8217;s all it is.</p>

	<p>Yes, physical labor ruins the body (and the mind, depending), but where retirement is concerned it would be more useful to have hard data of disability claims than subjective ideas of pain tolerance.</p>

	<p><span class="caps">BTW</span>, lets not privatise SS, unless the aim is to have old folks dying in the street.</p>
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		<title>By: Will Franklin</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/05/06/pain-and-inequality/comment-page-1/#comment-239590</link>
		<dc:creator>Will Franklin</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 May 2008 20:03:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=6895#comment-239590</guid>
		<description>Social Security is in crisis. And we don&#039;t have to raise the retirement age any further if we&#039;d just privatize it now.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Social Security is in crisis. And we don&#8217;t have to raise the retirement age any further if we&#8217;d just privatize it now.</p>
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		<title>By: rmjiv</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/05/06/pain-and-inequality/comment-page-1/#comment-239453</link>
		<dc:creator>rmjiv</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 09 May 2008 23:41:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=6895#comment-239453</guid>
		<description>Why not dispense with the concept of retirement age entirely and replace it with a definition of disabled that factors in age and profession?

If you *can* work in your profession, I see no reason why the government should pay for your retirement.  If you&#039;re too old or infirm to work anymore, than you&#039;re disabled and you should get SSDI benefits.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Why not dispense with the concept of retirement age entirely and replace it with a definition of disabled that factors in age and profession?</p>

	<p>If you <strong>can</strong> work in your profession, I see no reason why the government should pay for your retirement.  If you&#8217;re too old or infirm to work anymore, than you&#8217;re disabled and you should get <span class="caps">SSDI</span> benefits.</p>
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		<title>By: Hoo</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/05/06/pain-and-inequality/comment-page-1/#comment-239433</link>
		<dc:creator>Hoo</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 09 May 2008 21:26:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=6895#comment-239433</guid>
		<description>Why not implement something similar to &quot;30 and out&quot; for Social Security, rather than having a fixed retirement age?  It seems like this would neatly solve the problem that different jobs really need different retirement ages:

- Physically strenuous jobs tend not to require as much education beyond high school (ignoring on-the-job training).  So folks in those sorts of jobs enter the workforce younger, and thus are able to retire younger.

- White collar workers will usually have some amount of post-high school education, delaying their entry into the workforce, so that they are older when they reach the retirement threshold.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Why not implement something similar to &#8220;30 and out&#8221; for Social Security, rather than having a fixed retirement age?  It seems like this would neatly solve the problem that different jobs really need different retirement ages:</p>
 &#8211; Physically strenuous jobs tend not to require as much education beyond high school (ignoring on-the-job training).  So folks in those sorts of jobs enter the workforce younger, and thus are able to retire younger.
 &#8211; White collar workers will usually have some amount of post-high school education, delaying their entry into the workforce, so that they are older when they reach the retirement threshold.
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		<title>By: well</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/05/06/pain-and-inequality/comment-page-1/#comment-239410</link>
		<dc:creator>well</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 09 May 2008 19:32:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=6895#comment-239410</guid>
		<description>why has everyone failed to notice that when SS was set up in the 1930s benefits kicked in right around life expectancy?  if we followed that rationale (not saying we necesssarily should) the SS age should be raised to 78-80, right?

i read in these comments about all the people whose loved ones &quot;need&quot; to retire at 65 (and get full SS) cause their bodies are shot.  well, that ethic didn&#039;t seem to matter when the system was established.  should it now?  are our jobs harder physically (even manual labor jobs)?  i&#039;m not so sure...</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>why has everyone failed to notice that when SS was set up in the 1930s benefits kicked in right around life expectancy?  if we followed that rationale (not saying we necesssarily should) the SS age should be raised to 78-80, right?</p>

	<p>i read in these comments about all the people whose loved ones &#8220;need&#8221; to retire at 65 (and get full SS) cause their bodies are shot.  well, that ethic didn&#8217;t seem to matter when the system was established.  should it now?  are our jobs harder physically (even manual labor jobs)?  i&#8217;m not so sure&#8230;</p>
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		<title>By: Mikhail</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/05/06/pain-and-inequality/comment-page-1/#comment-239276</link>
		<dc:creator>Mikhail</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 09 May 2008 07:31:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=6895#comment-239276</guid>
		<description>psychology grad student:

We really shouldn&#039;t get so far off-topic, but you clearly are reading the wrong books. :)

There is a reason why we can&#039;t see anything walking into a dark room from the street, but we start to after a while. There is a reason why people living close to a waterfall, let&#039;s say, can have a normal conversation standing close to it whereas we wouldn&#039;t be able to hear each other. It&#039;s called accommodation - reduction in sensitivity.

Also, it has absolutely nothing to do with long-term effects! I was merely pointing out that the original study doesn&#039;t allow for a meaningful explanation of the effects, even if they are not spurrious. Loss of sensitivity doesn&#039;t mean the stimulus stops affecting you - it just means you stop noticing it! Sure, looking at the sun will blind you and living in high noise environment will do other damage, but that is beside the point. The question was not whether pain is good or bad :), but rather can we meaningfully measure these differences through a self-report study...</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>psychology grad student:</p>

	<p>We really shouldn&#8217;t get so far off-topic, but you clearly are reading the wrong books. :)</p>

	<p>There is a reason why we can&#8217;t see anything walking into a dark room from the street, but we start to after a while. There is a reason why people living close to a waterfall, let&#8217;s say, can have a normal conversation standing close to it whereas we wouldn&#8217;t be able to hear each other. It&#8217;s called accommodation &#8211; reduction in sensitivity.</p>

	<p>Also, it has absolutely nothing to do with long-term effects! I was merely pointing out that the original study doesn&#8217;t allow for a meaningful explanation of the effects, even if they are not spurrious. Loss of sensitivity doesn&#8217;t mean the stimulus stops affecting you &#8211; it just means you stop noticing it! Sure, looking at the sun will blind you and living in high noise environment will do other damage, but that is beside the point. The question was not whether pain is good or bad :), but rather can we meaningfully measure these differences through a self-report study&#8230;</p>
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		<title>By: John Thacker</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/05/06/pain-and-inequality/comment-page-1/#comment-239275</link>
		<dc:creator>John Thacker</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 09 May 2008 07:22:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=6895#comment-239275</guid>
		<description>&lt;blockquote&gt;The strong association between self-reported disability status and pain is notable given concerns by economists and some policymakers that able-bodied individuals may seek benefits from the Disability Insurance system.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

A strong association between self-reported disability status and self-reported pain?  I certainly believe the general result that being poor results in having more pain, and that blue collar jobs are rougher, but surely this result isn&#039;t all that surprising is it?  Did you expect a large number of people to respond to the survey with &quot;Sure, I&#039;m on disability, but I feel great and am in no pain!  By the way, don&#039;t tell anybody.&quot;  I&#039;m not saying that people &lt;em&gt;are&lt;/em&gt; lying, but if they were lying about needing disability isn&#039;t there a decent chance that they would lie about pain?

It seems to me that one of few things less likely than &quot;all those people applying for disability [being] just a bunch of perfectly able-bodied fakers and whiners&quot; would be &quot;all those people applying for disability who are perfectly able-bodied fakers and whiners being willing to admit to such on a survey.&quot;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p><blockquote>The strong association between self-reported disability status and pain is notable given concerns by economists and some policymakers that able-bodied individuals may seek benefits from the Disability Insurance system.</blockquote></p>

	<p>A strong association between self-reported disability status and self-reported pain?  I certainly believe the general result that being poor results in having more pain, and that blue collar jobs are rougher, but surely this result isn&#8217;t all that surprising is it?  Did you expect a large number of people to respond to the survey with &#8220;Sure, I&#8217;m on disability, but I feel great and am in no pain!  By the way, don&#8217;t tell anybody.&#8221;  I&#8217;m not saying that people <em>are</em> lying, but if they were lying about needing disability isn&#8217;t there a decent chance that they would lie about pain?</p>

	<p>It seems to me that one of few things less likely than &#8220;all those people applying for disability [being] just a bunch of perfectly able-bodied fakers and whiners&#8221; would be &#8220;all those people applying for disability who are perfectly able-bodied fakers and whiners being willing to admit to such on a survey.&#8221; </p>
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		<title>By: John Thacker</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/05/06/pain-and-inequality/comment-page-1/#comment-239273</link>
		<dc:creator>John Thacker</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 09 May 2008 07:11:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=6895#comment-239273</guid>
		<description>&lt;blockquote&gt;So maybe, just maybe, all those people applying for disability aren’t just a bunch of perfectly able-bodied fakers and whiners after all?&lt;/blockquote&gt;

No, but it certainly doesn&#039;t explain why the rates of people applying for disability has increased (not just in the US, but in Western Europe) as the percentage of people in backbreaking blue collar and farm jobs has decreased.

You&#039;ve demonstrated that being poor is painful, and that blue collar jobs are hard on one&#039;s body.  I&#039;m not sure what that has to do with the general retirement age, though.  Why does it make sense to have &lt;em&gt;everyone&#039;s&lt;/em&gt; retirement age stay the same even as a smaller percentage of people are doing blue collar work?  It seems like an argument rather for the Social Security age being lower for blue collar workers, or for the poor getting a better deal from Social Security, or something along those lines.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p><blockquote>So maybe, just maybe, all those people applying for disability aren&#8217;t just a bunch of perfectly able-bodied fakers and whiners after all?</blockquote></p>

	<p>No, but it certainly doesn&#8217;t explain why the rates of people applying for disability has increased (not just in the US, but in Western Europe) as the percentage of people in backbreaking blue collar and farm jobs has decreased.</p>

	<p>You&#8217;ve demonstrated that being poor is painful, and that blue collar jobs are hard on one&#8217;s body.  I&#8217;m not sure what that has to do with the general retirement age, though.  Why does it make sense to have <em>everyone&#8217;s</em> retirement age stay the same even as a smaller percentage of people are doing blue collar work?  It seems like an argument rather for the Social Security age being lower for blue collar workers, or for the poor getting a better deal from Social Security, or something along those lines.</p>
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		<title>By: Dan Hill</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/05/06/pain-and-inequality/comment-page-1/#comment-239264</link>
		<dc:creator>Dan Hill</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 09 May 2008 02:29:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=6895#comment-239264</guid>
		<description>I&#039;m a white collar professional and I expect to keep working in some form as long as my mind holds out (and I&#039;m not relying in the slightest on the government taking care of my retirement or even semi-retirement.

Conversely my dad is one of the hardest working people I&#039;ve ever known but he was a skilled but blue collar worker meaning he did physical labour all his working life. His body was shot by the time he was 60. Fortunately his employer moved him into a mentoring role until he turned 65, but he &lt;b&gt;needed&lt;/b&gt; to retire.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>I&#8217;m a white collar professional and I expect to keep working in some form as long as my mind holds out (and I&#8217;m not relying in the slightest on the government taking care of my retirement or even semi-retirement.</p>

	<p>Conversely my dad is one of the hardest working people I&#8217;ve ever known but he was a skilled but blue collar worker meaning he did physical labour all his working life. His body was shot by the time he was 60. Fortunately his employer moved him into a mentoring role until he turned 65, but he <b>needed</b> to retire.</p>
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		<title>By: Noni Mausa</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/05/06/pain-and-inequality/comment-page-1/#comment-239256</link>
		<dc:creator>Noni Mausa</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 09 May 2008 02:05:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=6895#comment-239256</guid>
		<description>Raising my retirement age won&#039;t help at all, except in playing the blame game.

I got early retirement as a result of a workplace trauma, and returned to school for that wonderful cure-all, retraining.  Today, out of school and my savings mostly spent on the schooling, I can find no work either in my original career nor the new one, both sedentary, both things I am good at.  After all, who wants to hire someone within shouting distance of 60?

Make me work till 65!  C&#039;mon you cowards, throw me in that briar patch!

Noni</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Raising my retirement age won&#8217;t help at all, except in playing the blame game.</p>

	<p>I got early retirement as a result of a workplace trauma, and returned to school for that wonderful cure-all, retraining.  Today, out of school and my savings mostly spent on the schooling, I can find no work either in my original career nor the new one, both sedentary, both things I am good at.  After all, who wants to hire someone within shouting distance of 60?</p>

	<p>Make me work till 65!  C&#8217;mon you cowards, throw me in that briar patch!</p>

	<p>Noni</p>
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		<title>By: Steve Sailer</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/05/06/pain-and-inequality/comment-page-1/#comment-239252</link>
		<dc:creator>Steve Sailer</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 09 May 2008 00:38:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=6895#comment-239252</guid>
		<description>Clearly, we should favor policies that lead to greater mechanization of pain-producing jobs like scrubbing floors, lifting boxes, and picking crops by driving up wages for unskilled labor, making mechanization more profitable. Instead, we&#039;ve imported million of unskilled illegal immigrants, making stoop labor more affordable to employers and reducing the incentives to mechanize.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Clearly, we should favor policies that lead to greater mechanization of pain-producing jobs like scrubbing floors, lifting boxes, and picking crops by driving up wages for unskilled labor, making mechanization more profitable. Instead, we&#8217;ve imported million of unskilled illegal immigrants, making stoop labor more affordable to employers and reducing the incentives to mechanize.</p>
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		<title>By: psychology grad student</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/05/06/pain-and-inequality/comment-page-1/#comment-239247</link>
		<dc:creator>psychology grad student</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 08 May 2008 23:14:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=6895#comment-239247</guid>
		<description>&lt;i&gt;&quot;For the following reason – prolonged exposure to any sensory stimulus (light, noise, pain, etc.) causes accommodation, i.e. reduction in sensitivity.&quot;&lt;/i&gt;

Mikhail, this is simply not true; for example a quick search on google scholar for &quot;adaptation to noise psychology&quot; you can see a host of articles that show that people do not adapt to chronic noise, for example, and that it has long term effects on stress and health. So one of (many) mechanisms I can think of are that the living situations of the poor contribute to their increased experience of chronic pain.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p><i>&#8220;For the following reason &#8211; prolonged exposure to any sensory stimulus (light, noise, pain, etc.) causes accommodation, i.e. reduction in sensitivity.&#8221;</i></p>

	<p>Mikhail, this is simply not true; for example a quick search on google scholar for &#8220;adaptation to noise psychology&#8221; you can see a host of articles that show that people do not adapt to chronic noise, for example, and that it has long term effects on stress and health. So one of (many) mechanisms I can think of are that the living situations of the poor contribute to their increased experience of chronic pain.</p>
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		<title>By: nihil obstet</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/05/06/pain-and-inequality/comment-page-1/#comment-239224</link>
		<dc:creator>nihil obstet</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 08 May 2008 20:59:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=6895#comment-239224</guid>
		<description>Two factors always seem to be left out of retirement discussions:
1) Increasing productivity.  With increased productivity, fewer workers can support more  non-workers.
2) Role of wages.  This is actually just another facet of increasing productivity.   &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.frbsf.org/publications/economics/letter/2006/el2006-33-34.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;From 1972 to 2001, nearly 50% of productivity gains went to  the top 10% of wage earners, with most concentrated in the top 1%.&lt;/a&gt;  Since Social Security funding  is based on wages upto a cap, increasing the wages of those whose earnings are under the cap will increase the funding of Social Security.  In short, make the productivity gains available for  retirement.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Two factors always seem to be left out of retirement discussions:<br />
1) Increasing productivity.  With increased productivity, fewer workers can support more  non-workers.<br />
2) Role of wages.  This is actually just another facet of increasing productivity.   <a href="http://www.frbsf.org/publications/economics/letter/2006/el2006-33-34.html" rel="nofollow">From 1972 to 2001, nearly 50% of productivity gains went to  the top 10% of wage earners, with most concentrated in the top 1%.</a>  Since Social Security funding  is based on wages upto a cap, increasing the wages of those whose earnings are under the cap will increase the funding of Social Security.  In short, make the productivity gains available for  retirement.</p>
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		<title>By: Mikhail</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/05/06/pain-and-inequality/comment-page-1/#comment-239158</link>
		<dc:creator>Mikhail</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 08 May 2008 16:18:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=6895#comment-239158</guid>
		<description>As far as I know, the answer is no - that study was not done. As weren&#039;t a lot of others to be able to talk about this meaningfully. In my opinion neither the study in the post, nor the article in the comments shed any light on whether these claims are true...</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>As far as I know, the answer is no &#8211; that study was not done. As weren&#8217;t a lot of others to be able to talk about this meaningfully. In my opinion neither the study in the post, nor the article in the comments shed any light on whether these claims are true&#8230;</p>
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		<title>By: magistra</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/05/06/pain-and-inequality/comment-page-1/#comment-239109</link>
		<dc:creator>magistra</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 08 May 2008 10:38:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=6895#comment-239109</guid>
		<description>Has anyone yet done what seems the obvious kind of study? Compare pain experiences of people in jobs with similar physical demands but very different kinds of status/pay? There are an awful lot of jobs  which involve mostly sitting at a desk all day, ranging from the relatively menial to the very highly paid. Why not start with looking at those and  try and reduce some variables? (Or try comparing those in higher status manual jobs e.g. chefs in top restaurants as opposed to those in cheap cafes)?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Has anyone yet done what seems the obvious kind of study? Compare pain experiences of people in jobs with similar physical demands but very different kinds of status/pay? There are an awful lot of jobs  which involve mostly sitting at a desk all day, ranging from the relatively menial to the very highly paid. Why not start with looking at those and  try and reduce some variables? (Or try comparing those in higher status manual jobs e.g. chefs in top restaurants as opposed to those in cheap cafes)?</p>
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