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	<title>Comments on: Request for Literature: How come it&#8217;s so hard to explain Open Source to institutions?</title>
	<atom:link href="http://crookedtimber.org/2008/07/10/request-for-literature-how-come-its-so-hard-to-explain-open-source-to-institutions/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/07/10/request-for-literature-how-come-its-so-hard-to-explain-open-source-to-institutions/</link>
	<description>Out of the crooked timber of humanity, no straight thing was ever made</description>
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		<title>By: Ray Davis</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/07/10/request-for-literature-how-come-its-so-hard-to-explain-open-source-to-institutions/comment-page-1/#comment-246072</link>
		<dc:creator>Ray Davis</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 14 Jul 2008 17:29:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=7048#comment-246072</guid>
		<description>Not exactly &lt;i&gt;scholarly&lt;/i&gt; literature, but here are some &lt;a href=&quot;http://coppola.rsmart.com/node/93&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;notes from a talk on the subject&lt;/a&gt; by Ira Fuchs, whose work at the Mellon Foundation helps fund some higher-education-centric open source projects.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Not exactly <i>scholarly</i> literature, but here are some <a href="http://coppola.rsmart.com/node/93" rel="nofollow">notes from a talk on the subject</a> by Ira Fuchs, whose work at the Mellon Foundation helps fund some higher-education-centric open source projects.</p>
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		<title>By: A-ro</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/07/10/request-for-literature-how-come-its-so-hard-to-explain-open-source-to-institutions/comment-page-1/#comment-245927</link>
		<dc:creator>A-ro</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 13 Jul 2008 14:23:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=7048#comment-245927</guid>
		<description>The cost of failure is not actually that low for some gov&#039;t entities. Unlike, say, a meetup or flickr group, they have to keep records and be permanently accountable for what happens. Isn&#039;t the fact that internet groups don&#039;t have to be durable part of why the cost of failure is so low?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>The cost of failure is not actually that low for some gov&#8217;t entities. Unlike, say, a meetup or flickr group, they have to keep records and be permanently accountable for what happens. Isn&#8217;t the fact that internet groups don&#8217;t have to be durable part of why the cost of failure is so low?</p>
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		<title>By: CKD</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/07/10/request-for-literature-how-come-its-so-hard-to-explain-open-source-to-institutions/comment-page-1/#comment-245778</link>
		<dc:creator>CKD</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 11 Jul 2008 15:10:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=7048#comment-245778</guid>
		<description>As someone who previously worked in government procurement, I can tell you that the answer is really quite simple.  There is no identifiable supplier who can be held liable if there is a serious problem.  The U.S. Government is actually prohibited from accepting volunteer services, and it is the same sort of mentality that keeps it from using open source.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>As someone who previously worked in government procurement, I can tell you that the answer is really quite simple.  There is no identifiable supplier who can be held liable if there is a serious problem.  The U.S. Government is actually prohibited from accepting volunteer services, and it is the same sort of mentality that keeps it from using open source.</p>
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		<title>By: Chris Bertram</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/07/10/request-for-literature-how-come-its-so-hard-to-explain-open-source-to-institutions/comment-page-1/#comment-245741</link>
		<dc:creator>Chris Bertram</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 11 Jul 2008 07:04:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=7048#comment-245741</guid>
		<description>I&#039;m a pretty determined non-Microsoft user: write my stuff using LaTeX etc. But for most end-users, I have to admit that the Microsoft product works better than the open-source alternative which is clunky and unreliable.

Most of my colleagues write using Microsoft Word and the university also uses Excel quite a bit. When you compare these products to the OpenOffice alternatives, then there&#039;s no contest (ditto NeoOffice for Mac users).

If my University, in the interest of cost savings, tried to push everyone into using OpenOffice, I imagine there&#039;d be uproar.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>I&#8217;m a pretty determined non-Microsoft user: write my stuff using LaTeX etc. But for most end-users, I have to admit that the Microsoft product works better than the open-source alternative which is clunky and unreliable.</p>

	<p>Most of my colleagues write using Microsoft Word and the university also uses Excel quite a bit. When you compare these products to the OpenOffice alternatives, then there&#8217;s no contest (ditto NeoOffice for Mac users).</p>

	<p>If my University, in the interest of cost savings, tried to push everyone into using OpenOffice, I imagine there&#8217;d be uproar.</p>
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		<title>By: Ginger Yellow</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/07/10/request-for-literature-how-come-its-so-hard-to-explain-open-source-to-institutions/comment-page-1/#comment-245737</link>
		<dc:creator>Ginger Yellow</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 11 Jul 2008 03:30:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=7048#comment-245737</guid>
		<description>&quot;Having worked with enterprise-class systems and software for almost 20 years now, I find that (1) that you are correct about that perception (2) that the reality is that no entity smaller than Boeing has any leverage over any systems/software supplier, and that actual instances of “choking necks” and filing lawsuits do not exist.&quot;

The perfect example of this is the disastrous NHS IT overhaul. Admittedly, it wasn&#039;t helped by the most ill thought out procurement process in IT history, but it was made even worse by the fact that the IT providers have control over the code, so they can&#039;t be turfed off for underperformance without having to start all over again.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>&#8220;Having worked with enterprise-class systems and software for almost 20 years now, I find that (1) that you are correct about that perception (2) that the reality is that no entity smaller than Boeing has any leverage over any systems/software supplier, and that actual instances of &#8220;choking necks&#8221; and filing lawsuits do not exist.&#8221;</p>

	<p>The perfect example of this is the disastrous <span class="caps">NHS IT</span> overhaul. Admittedly, it wasn&#8217;t helped by the most ill thought out procurement process in IT history, but it was made even worse by the fact that the IT providers have control over the code, so they can&#8217;t be turfed off for underperformance without having to start all over again.</p>
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		<title>By: Matt Lungerhausen</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/07/10/request-for-literature-how-come-its-so-hard-to-explain-open-source-to-institutions/comment-page-1/#comment-245734</link>
		<dc:creator>Matt Lungerhausen</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 11 Jul 2008 03:09:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=7048#comment-245734</guid>
		<description>Whoops, I meant to say that we were forced to migrate from Blackboard to D2L. That would make more sense.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Whoops, I meant to say that we were forced to migrate from Blackboard to <span class="caps">D2L</span>. That would make more sense.</p>
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		<title>By: Matt Lungerhausen</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/07/10/request-for-literature-how-come-its-so-hard-to-explain-open-source-to-institutions/comment-page-1/#comment-245733</link>
		<dc:creator>Matt Lungerhausen</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 11 Jul 2008 03:07:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=7048#comment-245733</guid>
		<description>Hmm. I am not sure I can add to the thread, but I am grateful for the post. My university has been moving from D2L to Blackboard for the past two years. Its painful. Both software packages under perform and are difficult to use. Needless to say my school is part of &#039;large state colleges and university system&#039; with a central bureaucracy in the state capital that micromanges IT for all the branch campuses. (When ever power gets cut to the central servers all the schools go down...) 

My buddy who teaches at a small liberal arts college down the road is using moodle and loves it. Its amazing, flexible and cheap. We can&#039;t have moodle, or even our own wiki server, because the central office has forbidden it. We are all using D2L and thats that. 

One last thing, the central office&#039;s IT budget has grown steadily while tuition has gone up and salaries have staid flat, system wide for the past decade. But we have D2L... which just got sued by Blackboard. 

Phooey.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Hmm. I am not sure I can add to the thread, but I am grateful for the post. My university has been moving from <span class="caps">D2L</span> to Blackboard for the past two years. Its painful. Both software packages under perform and are difficult to use. Needless to say my school is part of &#8216;large state colleges and university system&#8217; with a central bureaucracy in the state capital that micromanges IT for all the branch campuses. (When ever power gets cut to the central servers all the schools go down&#8230;)</p>

	<p>My buddy who teaches at a small liberal arts college down the road is using moodle and loves it. Its amazing, flexible and cheap. We can&#8217;t have moodle, or even our own wiki server, because the central office has forbidden it. We are all using <span class="caps">D2L</span> and thats that.</p>

	<p>One last thing, the central office&#8217;s IT budget has grown steadily while tuition has gone up and salaries have staid flat, system wide for the past decade. But we have <span class="caps">D2L</span>&#8230; which just got sued by Blackboard.</p>

	<p>Phooey.</p>
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		<title>By: vader</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/07/10/request-for-literature-how-come-its-so-hard-to-explain-open-source-to-institutions/comment-page-1/#comment-245731</link>
		<dc:creator>vader</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 11 Jul 2008 02:59:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=7048#comment-245731</guid>
		<description>I was teaching a class on open software today.  A piece of FOSS software failed with a lot of strange messages.  In recovering, you had to do a bit technical stuff that was really obscure to do but clears the problem.  On the third reboot the student hit escape because a message that was supposed to be ignored told her to hit escape.  The student left the class because it was really too much for her.  

The promise of open software that is not controlled by IT far exceeds the reality.  It works in 90-95% of the cases, but in business where zealots and techies are not about, the 5-10% failure rate kills the reputation of the software.  It often needs obtuse and obscure commands to operate.  

When I inquired a local Linux user group on what to teach newbies, there were 2 responses.  One was to teach them how to research problems on the web using wiki and google and the second referred me to a 10,500 word essay teaching newbies how to ask linux folks questions without pissing the linux folks off.  

This will not work in the business community. If you look at OSes, Linux has a 3% market. You cannot get more market if ignore the customer is your business model.  

Open source supported by consultants to handhold customers can wonderful.  But bring it without the hand holding and it fails, then its reputation is ruined forever.  Folks want to get the job done.  Less expense is nice, but not at the cost of getting work done. 

After all you are competing against something that does work.  You are bring in change and change has few allies.  When it fails to meet expectations, you are lost.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>I was teaching a class on open software today.  A piece of <span class="caps">FOSS</span> software failed with a lot of strange messages.  In recovering, you had to do a bit technical stuff that was really obscure to do but clears the problem.  On the third reboot the student hit escape because a message that was supposed to be ignored told her to hit escape.  The student left the class because it was really too much for her.</p>

	<p>The promise of open software that is not controlled by IT far exceeds the reality.  It works in 90-95% of the cases, but in business where zealots and techies are not about, the 5-10% failure rate kills the reputation of the software.  It often needs obtuse and obscure commands to operate.</p>

	<p>When I inquired a local Linux user group on what to teach newbies, there were 2 responses.  One was to teach them how to research problems on the web using wiki and google and the second referred me to a 10,500 word essay teaching newbies how to ask linux folks questions without pissing the linux folks off.</p>

	<p>This will not work in the business community. If you look at OSes, Linux has a 3% market. You cannot get more market if ignore the customer is your business model.</p>

	<p>Open source supported by consultants to handhold customers can wonderful.  But bring it without the hand holding and it fails, then its reputation is ruined forever.  Folks want to get the job done.  Less expense is nice, but not at the cost of getting work done.</p>

	<p>After all you are competing against something that does work.  You are bring in change and change has few allies.  When it fails to meet expectations, you are lost.</p>
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		<title>By: Tom</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/07/10/request-for-literature-how-come-its-so-hard-to-explain-open-source-to-institutions/comment-page-1/#comment-245730</link>
		<dc:creator>Tom</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 11 Jul 2008 01:46:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=7048#comment-245730</guid>
		<description>&lt;blockquote&gt;The class of dilemma I am interested in is when your application is as simple and &lt;em&gt;important&lt;/em&gt; as a Wordpress site.

The question is one of leverage—software is important for its effects, so if the goal is social effects (more talking, more shared awareness, more co-editing, whatever) then the simpler apps may work better. If we were just in a pair of boxes labled ‘Complex and Important’ and ‘Simple and Unimportant’, there wouldn’t be any issue.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

I may have spoken imprecisely. When I say simple and unimportant I&#039;m referring to the choice of software specifically -- of course its utilization may serve a very important role for a given organization.  But how hard would it be to replace if it broke, or was found lacking, or you discovered you couldn&#039;t support it within the organization?  If it&#039;s a blog the answer is &quot;not very&quot;. There isn&#039;t a big downside to rolling the dice and seeing how it works.

Contrast this with, say, the selection of a VoIP system for your office.  The phone system may be much less important to an enterprise than its website, but switching phone technologies is likely to be a much bigger pain than switching from Wordpress to Movable Type.

I say all this from experience, incidentally.  We could be forced to migrate a dozen Wordpress sites to Drupal, MT or whatever before it&#039;d be half the hassle that dealing with our FOSS VoIP system (Trixbox) has been, although on a day to day basis the phones are far less important.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p><blockquote>The class of dilemma I am interested in is when your application is as simple and <em>important</em> as a WordPress site.</blockquote></p>

	<p>The question is one of leverage&#8212;software is important for its effects, so if the goal is social effects (more talking, more shared awareness, more co-editing, whatever) then the simpler apps may work better. If we were just in a pair of boxes labled &#8216;Complex and Important&#8217; and &#8216;Simple and Unimportant&#8217;, there wouldn&#8217;t be any issue.</p>

	<p>I may have spoken imprecisely. When I say simple and unimportant I&#8217;m referring to the choice of software specifically&#8212;of course its utilization may serve a very important role for a given organization.  But how hard would it be to replace if it broke, or was found lacking, or you discovered you couldn&#8217;t support it within the organization?  If it&#8217;s a blog the answer is &#8220;not very&#8221;. There isn&#8217;t a big downside to rolling the dice and seeing how it works.</p>

	<p>Contrast this with, say, the selection of a VoIP system for your office.  The phone system may be much less important to an enterprise than its website, but switching phone technologies is likely to be a much bigger pain than switching from WordPress to Movable Type.</p>

	<p>I say all this from experience, incidentally.  We could be forced to migrate a dozen WordPress sites to Drupal, MT or whatever before it&#8217;d be half the hassle that dealing with our <span class="caps">FOSS </span>VoIP system (Trixbox) has been, although on a day to day basis the phones are far less important.</p>
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		<title>By: Stephen Judd</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/07/10/request-for-literature-how-come-its-so-hard-to-explain-open-source-to-institutions/comment-page-1/#comment-245717</link>
		<dc:creator>Stephen Judd</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 10 Jul 2008 22:39:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=7048#comment-245717</guid>
		<description>The literature you are looking for is Veblen.

The purchase of expensive, non-performant software is a form of conspicuous consumption. Status accrues to people in control of large budgets who spend it on visibly expensive things.

You can view the expensive lunches, fact-finding tours and other freebies that typically accompany very large enterprise software purchase as a form of potlatch.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>The literature you are looking for is Veblen.</p>

	<p>The purchase of expensive, non-performant software is a form of conspicuous consumption. Status accrues to people in control of large budgets who spend it on visibly expensive things.</p>

	<p>You can view the expensive lunches, fact-finding tours and other freebies that typically accompany very large enterprise software purchase as a form of potlatch.</p>
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		<title>By: Seth Finkelstein</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/07/10/request-for-literature-how-come-its-so-hard-to-explain-open-source-to-institutions/comment-page-1/#comment-245715</link>
		<dc:creator>Seth Finkelstein</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 10 Jul 2008 22:14:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=7048#comment-245715</guid>
		<description>Clay, let me semi-apologize because this kind of stuff sets my teeth on edge, and that&#039;s particularly relevant here because I&#039;ve been a hardcore Linux advocate as a programmer. So I&#039;ve run into this situation personally. The sort of la-la land implicit above is the easiest way to lose. You didn&#039;t say &quot;all is roses and unicorns&quot; either. The point was your post implicitly assumes Open Source systems are so obvious better in a broad sense that any organization not rushing to immediately convert at all costs must be staffed by fearful timid corrupt dullards.

I know that sells on the conference-club. But it&#039;s really irritating the next time I have to deal with a manager and explain no, it&#039;s not about some sort of anti-corporate ivory-tower ideology.

To amplify what peter just said at #27, running a large project in corporate management is very different from what&#039;s valued by a perpetual-beta early-adopter mentality.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Clay, let me semi-apologize because this kind of stuff sets my teeth on edge, and that&#8217;s particularly relevant here because I&#8217;ve been a hardcore Linux advocate as a programmer. So I&#8217;ve run into this situation personally. The sort of la-la land implicit above is the easiest way to lose. You didn&#8217;t say &#8220;all is roses and unicorns&#8221; either. The point was your post implicitly assumes Open Source systems are so obvious better in a broad sense that any organization not rushing to immediately convert at all costs must be staffed by fearful timid corrupt dullards.</p>

	<p>I know that sells on the conference-club. But it&#8217;s really irritating the next time I have to deal with a manager and explain no, it&#8217;s not about some sort of anti-corporate ivory-tower ideology.</p>

	<p>To amplify what peter just said at #27, running a large project in corporate management is very different from what&#8217;s valued by a perpetual-beta early-adopter mentality.</p>
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		<title>By: abb1</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/07/10/request-for-literature-how-come-its-so-hard-to-explain-open-source-to-institutions/comment-page-1/#comment-245714</link>
		<dc:creator>abb1</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 10 Jul 2008 22:09:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=7048#comment-245714</guid>
		<description>I don&#039;t think there is an opensource enterprise-wide logistics system for Boeing, but it &lt;i&gt;can&lt;/i&gt; be a relatively complex multi-user system and he gave an example: content management system. Also, quite often subdivisions of big companies have their own ERP systems and it doesn&#039;t have to be SAP or Oracle.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>I don&#8217;t think there is an opensource enterprise-wide logistics system for Boeing, but it <i>can</i> be a relatively complex multi-user system and he gave an example: content management system. Also, quite often subdivisions of big companies have their own <span class="caps">ERP</span> systems and it doesn&#8217;t have to be <span class="caps">SAP</span> or Oracle.</p>
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		<title>By: Peter</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/07/10/request-for-literature-how-come-its-so-hard-to-explain-open-source-to-institutions/comment-page-1/#comment-245710</link>
		<dc:creator>Peter</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 10 Jul 2008 21:49:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=7048#comment-245710</guid>
		<description>Clay - 

I think you are conflating lots of different types of software in your most recent comment.  What you say applies to stand-alone, single-user applications without any consequences for the organization&#039;s mission or processes, and without major interactions with legacy systems and applications.  But these are not properties of most major commercial systems.  Exactly how does Boeing &quot;try&quot; a new enterprise-wide logistics system before deciding to use it?   Exactly how does AT&amp;T &quot;try&quot; new network switching management software without actually deploying it?   Even the mere process of installing a complex, multi-user, multi-purpose, multi-site, mission-critical application in order to adequately evalute it may take a team of a score or more people to plan, let alone try.   

This behaviour is not risk-aversion or stupidity on the part of CIOs, it is rational commonsense.   Corporations have good reason to be cautious about messing with their mission-critical systems and operations.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Clay &#8211;<br />
I think you are conflating lots of different types of software in your most recent comment.  What you say applies to stand-alone, single-user applications without any consequences for the organization&#8217;s mission or processes, and without major interactions with legacy systems and applications.  But these are not properties of most major commercial systems.  Exactly how does Boeing &#8220;try&#8221; a new enterprise-wide logistics system before deciding to use it?   Exactly how does AT&#038;T &#8220;try&#8221; new network switching management software without actually deploying it?   Even the mere process of installing a complex, multi-user, multi-purpose, multi-site, mission-critical application in order to adequately evalute it may take a team of a score or more people to plan, let alone try.</p>

	<p>This behaviour is not risk-aversion or stupidity on the part of CIOs, it is rational commonsense.   Corporations have good reason to be cautious about messing with their mission-critical systems and operations.</p>
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		<title>By: Clay Shirky</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/07/10/request-for-literature-how-come-its-so-hard-to-explain-open-source-to-institutions/comment-page-1/#comment-245706</link>
		<dc:creator>Clay Shirky</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 10 Jul 2008 21:03:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=7048#comment-245706</guid>
		<description>Re Tom #17 _If your application really is as simple and unimportant as a Wordpress site, though, then it may be appropriate to undertake configuration in-house._

The class of dilemma I am interested in is when your application is as simple and _important_ as a Wordpress site. 

The question is one of leverage -- software is important for its effects, so if the goal is social effects (more talking, more shared awareness, more co-editing, whatever) then the simpler apps may work better. If we were just in a pair of boxes labled &#039;Complex and Important&#039; and &#039;Simple and Unimportant&#039;, there wouldn&#039;t be any issue.

James #11: Open Source is often produced by people paid to produce Open Source (http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/ltc/), because people of sound technical judgment recommend it (http://www.ameinfo.com/69674.html)

And Seth #9, I never use the words Gift Economy, because they are not merely hollow, they actively obscure the real economics at work. 

And the point of &#039;Just try it and see how it goes&#039; is a telegraphic version of the observation from Here Comes Everybody that the great advantage of many of these systems is that the cost of failure is so low. I am specifically *not* saying &quot;Just adopt simple solutions because its the Right Thing To Do&quot;; sometimes it is an sometimes it isn&#039;t. 

Instead, I am saying &quot;One way to decide whether to adopt a piece of software is to study it; another is to try it.&quot; I have observed, among people adopting software, that trying something that may fail is seen as inferior to studying something that may fail, even when trying it is both a lower-cost and higher-value test, precisely because studying something that may fail is only a proxy for trying it, so you can still get the green light for something that may not work.

I think that the observation about Boeing is right on -- people put faith in contractual relations, even when they provide zero leverage, as with Windows. what I am wondering is why that it. It may be that failure aversion is so built in, to either minds or social systems, that any cost-benefit analysis will overestimate the willingness to try things as a way of telling whether they work or not.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Re Tom #17 <em>If your application really is as simple and unimportant as a WordPress site, though, then it may be appropriate to undertake configuration in-house.</em></p>

	<p>The class of dilemma I am interested in is when your application is as simple and <em>important</em> as a WordPress site.</p>

	<p>The question is one of leverage&#8212;software is important for its effects, so if the goal is social effects (more talking, more shared awareness, more co-editing, whatever) then the simpler apps may work better. If we were just in a pair of boxes labled &#8216;Complex and Important&#8217; and &#8216;Simple and Unimportant&#8217;, there wouldn&#8217;t be any issue.</p>

	<p>James #11: Open Source is often produced by people paid to produce Open Source (<a href="http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/ltc/" rel="nofollow">http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/ltc/</a>), because people of sound technical judgment recommend it (<a href="http://www.ameinfo.com/69674.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.ameinfo.com/69674.html</a>)</p>

	<p>And Seth #9, I never use the words Gift Economy, because they are not merely hollow, they actively obscure the real economics at work.</p>

	<p>And the point of &#8216;Just try it and see how it goes&#8217; is a telegraphic version of the observation from Here Comes Everybody that the great advantage of many of these systems is that the cost of failure is so low. I am specifically <strong>not</strong> saying &#8220;Just adopt simple solutions because its the Right Thing To Do&#8221;; sometimes it is an sometimes it isn&#8217;t.</p>

	<p>Instead, I am saying &#8220;One way to decide whether to adopt a piece of software is to study it; another is to try it.&#8221; I have observed, among people adopting software, that trying something that may fail is seen as inferior to studying something that may fail, even when trying it is both a lower-cost and higher-value test, precisely because studying something that may fail is only a proxy for trying it, so you can still get the green light for something that may not work.</p>

	<p>I think that the observation about Boeing is right on&#8212;people put faith in contractual relations, even when they provide zero leverage, as with Windows. what I am wondering is why that it. It may be that failure aversion is so built in, to either minds or social systems, that any cost-benefit analysis will overestimate the willingness to try things as a way of telling whether they work or not.</p>
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		<title>By: Barry</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/07/10/request-for-literature-how-come-its-so-hard-to-explain-open-source-to-institutions/comment-page-1/#comment-245699</link>
		<dc:creator>Barry</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 10 Jul 2008 19:55:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=7048#comment-245699</guid>
		<description>Re:  #23:  
(from http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/CamelsandRubberDuckies.html, discussing how to price software, if you&#039;re selling it)

&quot;Software is priced three ways: free, cheap, and dear: 

Free. Open source, etc. Not relevant to the current discussion. Nothing to see here. Move along.

Cheap. $10 - $1000, sold to a very large number of people at a low price without a salesforce. Most shrinkwrapped consumer and small business software falls into this category.

Dear. $75,000 - $1,000,000, sold to a handful of rich big companies using a team of slick salespeople that do six months of intense PowerPoint just to get one goddamn sale. The Oracle model.&quot;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Re:  #23:<br />
(from <a href="http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/CamelsandRubberDuckies.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/CamelsandRubberDuckies.html</a>, discussing how to price software, if you&#8217;re selling it)</p>

	<p>&#8220;Software is priced three ways: free, cheap, and dear:</p>

	<p>Free. Open source, etc. Not relevant to the current discussion. Nothing to see here. Move along.</p>

	<p>Cheap. $10 &#8211; $1000, sold to a very large number of people at a low price without a salesforce. Most shrinkwrapped consumer and small business software falls into this category.</p>

	<p>Dear. $75,000 &#8211; $1,000,000, sold to a handful of rich big companies using a team of slick salespeople that do six months of intense PowerPoint just to get one goddamn sale. The Oracle model.&#8221; </p>
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