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	<title>Comments on: Cohort, age and period</title>
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	<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/10/07/cohort-age-and-period/</link>
	<description>Out of the crooked timber of humanity, no straight thing was ever made</description>
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		<title>By: Bryan</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/10/07/cohort-age-and-period/comment-page-1/#comment-254624</link>
		<dc:creator>Bryan</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 09 Oct 2008 08:00:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=8009#comment-254624</guid>
		<description>&quot;Only a handful come to college with a sense of how the Internet fundamentally differs from the other major media platforms in daily life. College students in America are not as “digital” as we might wish to pretend. And even at elite universities, many are not rich enough. All this mystical talk about a generational shift and all the claims that kids won’t read books are just not true.&quot;

yeah that would be a really good argument if they showed that the people that are not &#039;rich enough&#039; and the people that don&#039;t understand how the internet fundamentally differs from other major media platforms are also the parts of the population most likely to read book. What I remember from statistics I have seen there is a correlation between reading and being relatively well to do, and furthermore in my personal experience the people who understand that the internet fundamentally differs are also the people most likely to read.  For these reasons I think the contrarian argument that the young will continue reading books despite the internet is uh, bullshit.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>&#8220;Only a handful come to college with a sense of how the Internet fundamentally differs from the other major media platforms in daily life. College students in America are not as &#8220;digital&#8221; as we might wish to pretend. And even at elite universities, many are not rich enough. All this mystical talk about a generational shift and all the claims that kids won&#8217;t read books are just not true.&#8221;</p>

	<p>yeah that would be a really good argument if they showed that the people that are not &#8216;rich enough&#8217; and the people that don&#8217;t understand how the internet fundamentally differs from other major media platforms are also the parts of the population most likely to read book. What I remember from statistics I have seen there is a correlation between reading and being relatively well to do, and furthermore in my personal experience the people who understand that the internet fundamentally differs are also the people most likely to read.  For these reasons I think the contrarian argument that the young will continue reading books despite the internet is uh, bullshit.</p>
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		<title>By: Zephi Friel</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/10/07/cohort-age-and-period/comment-page-1/#comment-254614</link>
		<dc:creator>Zephi Friel</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 09 Oct 2008 01:40:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=8009#comment-254614</guid>
		<description>I am fascinated by fields that attempt to deduce why people act the way they do. Statistics, economics, and psychology all have opened my mind to look at information in a different way and to think about causation. In someways, the &quot;average&quot; college kid is kind of predictable- we&#039;re ideological, impulsive, quixotic. Most would like to think about the world the way they think it should be, because they haven&#039;t yet had to fully support themselves. The political atmosphere during the time one is growing up does have a huge effect on the developing mind and may create more democrats for the future- but I wouldn&#039;t &quot;bank&quot; on it. I think these trends have more to do with when one is in their life. Reality will hit sooner or later, and college kids will then enter the job market and see how much of their pay check is taken out by the government. They&#039;ll feel disenfranchised when they realize what fighting the system really is like.

I agree with Henry&#039;s skepticism on the two articles. These analyses examining the identity perspective of different demographics do bring up interesting points, yet I am not convinced that there will be more democrats in the future that still avoid computers. I love reading, and I don&#039;t think books are going to go extinct- but I do think that it will be necessary for everyone to use the internet and computers. Computers are necessary for anyone that has a hope for a decent job.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>I am fascinated by fields that attempt to deduce why people act the way they do. Statistics, economics, and psychology all have opened my mind to look at information in a different way and to think about causation. In someways, the &#8220;average&#8221; college kid is kind of predictable- we&#8217;re ideological, impulsive, quixotic. Most would like to think about the world the way they think it should be, because they haven&#8217;t yet had to fully support themselves. The political atmosphere during the time one is growing up does have a huge effect on the developing mind and may create more democrats for the future- but I wouldn&#8217;t &#8220;bank&#8221; on it. I think these trends have more to do with when one is in their life. Reality will hit sooner or later, and college kids will then enter the job market and see how much of their pay check is taken out by the government. They&#8217;ll feel disenfranchised when they realize what fighting the system really is like.</p>

	<p>I agree with Henry&#8217;s skepticism on the two articles. These analyses examining the identity perspective of different demographics do bring up interesting points, yet I am not convinced that there will be more democrats in the future that still avoid computers. I love reading, and I don&#8217;t think books are going to go extinct- but I do think that it will be necessary for everyone to use the internet and computers. Computers are necessary for anyone that has a hope for a decent job.</p>
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		<title>By: clew</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/10/07/cohort-age-and-period/comment-page-1/#comment-254613</link>
		<dc:creator>clew</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 09 Oct 2008 00:58:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=8009#comment-254613</guid>
		<description>&quot;Many cannot even figure out how to insert footnotes into papers, let alone the simple mark-up code to insert a hyper-link into a discussion-forum post. I had immense difficulty getting many students to understand that accessing JSTOR from the on-campus network would be different from accessing it from an off-campus ISP.&quot;

But when we had to type them, many students couldn&#039;t do footnotes correctly. (Remember working out the line count? And recasting sentences to make room? Ow.)  Of course, your average person resents having to do footnotes, which probably slows mastery.

On the other hand, I&#039;d expect GenP2P to understand being on one side or the other of a host, so the ISP problem is more confusing.... Unless &#039;I couldn&#039;t get to JSTOR&#039; is the new &#039;dog ate it&#039;.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>&#8220;Many cannot even figure out how to insert footnotes into papers, let alone the simple mark-up code to insert a hyper-link into a discussion-forum post. I had immense difficulty getting many students to understand that accessing <span class="caps">JSTOR</span> from the on-campus network would be different from accessing it from an off-campus <span class="caps">ISP</span>.&#8221;</p>

	<p>But when we had to type them, many students couldn&#8217;t do footnotes correctly. (Remember working out the line count? And recasting sentences to make room? Ow.)  Of course, your average person resents having to do footnotes, which probably slows mastery.</p>

	<p>On the other hand, I&#8217;d expect GenP2P to understand being on one side or the other of a host, so the <span class="caps">ISP</span> problem is more confusing&#8230;. Unless &#8216;I couldn&#8217;t get to <span class="caps">JSTOR</span>&#8217; is the new &#8216;dog ate it&#8217;.</p>
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		<title>By: ElectionWatcher</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/10/07/cohort-age-and-period/comment-page-1/#comment-254599</link>
		<dc:creator>ElectionWatcher</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 08 Oct 2008 21:09:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=8009#comment-254599</guid>
		<description>The 2008 election is particularly generational in nature, and one of the key componenets of this is the emergence of Generation Jones; born 1954-1965, between the Boomers and Xers.  GenJones, which is 29% of the electorate, is the most GOP-leaning generation, so is important to factor into a discussion 0f the changing demographics of conservatism.  Here&#039;s a compelling 5 minute video which discusse these issues while looking at the key role GenJones is playing in this election, the video has a bunch of high profile pundits and experts discussing this issue, and can be found here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Ta_Du5K0jk</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>The 2008 election is particularly generational in nature, and one of the key componenets of this is the emergence of Generation Jones; born 1954-1965, between the Boomers and Xers.  GenJones, which is 29% of the electorate, is the most <span class="caps">GOP</span>-leaning generation, so is important to factor into a discussion 0f the changing demographics of conservatism.  Here&#8217;s a compelling 5 minute video which discusse these issues while looking at the key role GenJones is playing in this election, the video has a bunch of high profile pundits and experts discussing this issue, and can be found here: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Ta_Du5K0jk" rel="nofollow">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Ta_Du5K0jk</a></p>
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		<title>By: arbitrista</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/10/07/cohort-age-and-period/comment-page-1/#comment-254583</link>
		<dc:creator>arbitrista</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 08 Oct 2008 17:15:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=8009#comment-254583</guid>
		<description>The work on political psychology seems to suggest that there are &quot;impressionable periods&quot; that shape cohorts with period effects, but that age tends to lead to a hardening of political loyalties - not a conservative trend.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>The work on political psychology seems to suggest that there are &#8220;impressionable periods&#8221; that shape cohorts with period effects, but that age tends to lead to a hardening of political loyalties &#8211; not a conservative trend.</p>
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		<title>By: lemuel pitkin</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/10/07/cohort-age-and-period/comment-page-1/#comment-254571</link>
		<dc:creator>lemuel pitkin</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 08 Oct 2008 15:45:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=8009#comment-254571</guid>
		<description>Cosma,

Interesting, thanks. But you can still ask if cohort or age effects (or neither) explain the differences in party ID between different age groups, right? Especially if, as Gelman discusses, you constrain the effects to some space of the &quot;reasonable&quot;.

Would you agree that the patterns in the data from the Washington Post site offer some (weak) support for a cohort effect, and (stronger) grounds for rejecting a meaningful age effect?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Cosma,</p>

	<p>Interesting, thanks. But you can still ask if cohort or age effects (or neither) explain the differences in party ID between different age groups, right? Especially if, as Gelman discusses, you constrain the effects to some space of the &#8220;reasonable&#8221;.</p>

	<p>Would you agree that the patterns in the data from the Washington Post site offer some (weak) support for a cohort effect, and (stronger) grounds for rejecting a meaningful age effect?</p>
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		<title>By: Mikey in Plano</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/10/07/cohort-age-and-period/comment-page-1/#comment-254566</link>
		<dc:creator>Mikey in Plano</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 08 Oct 2008 14:27:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=8009#comment-254566</guid>
		<description>The British Library and JISC released &lt;a HREF=&quot;http://www.bl.uk/news/2008/pressrelease20080116.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;a report earlier this year&lt;/a&gt; on the &quot;Digital Natives&quot; generation.  Or lack thereof.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>The British Library and <span class="caps">JISC</span> released <a HREF="http://www.bl.uk/news/2008/pressrelease20080116.html" rel="nofollow">a report earlier this year</a> on the &#8220;Digital Natives&#8221; generation.  Or lack thereof.</p>
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		<title>By: c.l. ball</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/10/07/cohort-age-and-period/comment-page-1/#comment-254564</link>
		<dc:creator>c.l. ball</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 08 Oct 2008 13:08:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=8009#comment-254564</guid>
		<description>The &quot;digital literacy&quot; of youth cohorts is over-stated. Many cannot even figure out how to insert footnotes into papers, let alone the simple mark-up code to insert a hyper-link into a discussion-forum post. I had immense difficulty getting many students to understand that accessing JSTOR from the on-campus network would be different from accessing it from an off-campus ISP.  The rise of clunky and ugly course (mis)-management software like WebCT is testament to continued, widespread digital illiteracy among students and faculty.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>The &#8220;digital literacy&#8221; of youth cohorts is over-stated. Many cannot even figure out how to insert footnotes into papers, let alone the simple mark-up code to insert a hyper-link into a discussion-forum post. I had immense difficulty getting many students to understand that accessing <span class="caps">JSTOR</span> from the on-campus network would be different from accessing it from an off-campus <span class="caps">ISP</span>.  The rise of clunky and ugly course (mis)-management software like WebCT is testament to continued, widespread digital illiteracy among students and faculty.</p>
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		<title>By: cosma</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/10/07/cohort-age-and-period/comment-page-1/#comment-254561</link>
		<dc:creator>cosma</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 08 Oct 2008 11:53:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=8009#comment-254561</guid>
		<description>If you allow for age &lt;i&gt;and&lt;/i&gt; period &lt;i&gt;and&lt;/i&gt; cohort effects, then your model isn&#039;t identifiable, because any one of those variables is a function of the other two.  See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.jstor.org/pss/270764&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Fienberg and Mason&lt;/a&gt;.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>If you allow for age <i>and</i> period <i>and</i> cohort effects, then your model isn&#8217;t identifiable, because any one of those variables is a function of the other two.  See <a href="http://www.jstor.org/pss/270764" rel="nofollow">Fienberg and Mason</a>.</p>
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		<title>By: terence</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/10/07/cohort-age-and-period/comment-page-1/#comment-254557</link>
		<dc:creator>terence</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 08 Oct 2008 07:24:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=8009#comment-254557</guid>
		<description>the other thing is that, even if there is a cohort effect, it doesn&#039;t mean we will necessarily entering an age of Democrat dominance. As likely is that we&#039;ll simply see a shifting of the political centre as the Republicans move left (relatively speaking) to stay in contention. Triangulation, in other words.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>the other thing is that, even if there is a cohort effect, it doesn&#8217;t mean we will necessarily entering an age of Democrat dominance. As likely is that we&#8217;ll simply see a shifting of the political centre as the Republicans move left (relatively speaking) to stay in contention. Triangulation, in other words.</p>
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		<title>By: novakant</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/10/07/cohort-age-and-period/comment-page-1/#comment-254556</link>
		<dc:creator>novakant</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 08 Oct 2008 07:00:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=8009#comment-254556</guid>
		<description>Also, one has to be very careful with ascribing attitudes to &quot;generations&quot;, unless one is able to provide a very fine-grained analysis: my brother is barely 4 years older than myself, but when we were teenagers, he was still very much influenced by the culture and values of the 70s, while I regarded all of this as terribly outdated hippy stuff and was fully a child of the 80s.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Also, one has to be very careful with ascribing attitudes to &#8220;generations&#8221;, unless one is able to provide a very fine-grained analysis: my brother is barely 4 years older than myself, but when we were teenagers, he was still very much influenced by the culture and values of the 70s, while I regarded all of this as terribly outdated hippy stuff and was fully a child of the 80s.</p>
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		<title>By: novakant</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/10/07/cohort-age-and-period/comment-page-1/#comment-254555</link>
		<dc:creator>novakant</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 08 Oct 2008 06:44:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=8009#comment-254555</guid>
		<description>&lt;i&gt;I’m quite skeptical about the ‘digital generation’/’digital natives’ argument. First, I’m skeptical because of the reasons that Siva outlines. Second, I’m skeptical because I and my contemporaries were supposedly members of ‘Generation X,’ a purported cohort which seemed to have been whistled out of a gaseous combination of bad sociology, mediocre novels and marketing concepts, and which certainly had nothing that I could identify as relevant to my own life experience.&lt;/i&gt;

Your scepticism is warranted, teens read more books than ever, cf. e.g.:

&lt;a href=&quot;http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/books/306531_teenlit08.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Teens buying books at fastest rate in decades&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.roanoke.com/extra/wb/136866&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Who says teens don&#039;t read?&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a&gt;Generation R (R Is for Reader)&lt;/a&gt;

The assumption that a new medium necessarily inhibits the consumption of older media is fundamentally flawed, because most people consume several media simultaneously and media usage as such has increased immensely. For example TV hurt the film industry for a while in the fifties and early sixties, but it didn&#039;t have any negative long term effects.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p><i>I&#8217;m quite skeptical about the &#8216;digital generation&#8217;/&#8217;digital natives&#8217; argument. First, I&#8217;m skeptical because of the reasons that Siva outlines. Second, I&#8217;m skeptical because I and my contemporaries were supposedly members of &#8216;Generation X,&#8217; a purported cohort which seemed to have been whistled out of a gaseous combination of bad sociology, mediocre novels and marketing concepts, and which certainly had nothing that I could identify as relevant to my own life experience.</i></p>

	<p>Your scepticism is warranted, teens read more books than ever, cf. e.g.:</p>

	<p><a href="http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/books/306531_teenlit08.html" rel="nofollow">Teens buying books at fastest rate in decades</a><br />
<a href="http://www.roanoke.com/extra/wb/136866" rel="nofollow">Who says teens don&#8217;t read?</a><br />
<a>Generation R (R Is for Reader)</a></p>

	<p>The assumption that a new medium necessarily inhibits the consumption of older media is fundamentally flawed, because most people consume several media simultaneously and media usage as such has increased immensely. For example TV hurt the film industry for a while in the fifties and early sixties, but it didn&#8217;t have any negative long term effects.</p>
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		<title>By: John Quiggin</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/10/07/cohort-age-and-period/comment-page-1/#comment-254553</link>
		<dc:creator>John Quiggin</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 08 Oct 2008 06:11:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=8009#comment-254553</guid>
		<description>I had a go at the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uq.edu.au/economics/johnquiggin/news/Generations0010.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;generation game here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://johnquiggin.com/index.php/archives/2007/11/01/the-cohort-effect/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;cohort effects here&lt;/a&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>I had a go at the <a href="http://www.uq.edu.au/economics/johnquiggin/news/Generations0010.html" rel="nofollow">generation game here</a> and <a href="http://johnquiggin.com/index.php/archives/2007/11/01/the-cohort-effect/" rel="nofollow">cohort effects here</a></p>
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		<title>By: lemuel pitkin</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/10/07/cohort-age-and-period/comment-page-1/#comment-254552</link>
		<dc:creator>lemuel pitkin</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 08 Oct 2008 06:06:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=8009#comment-254552</guid>
		<description>&lt;i&gt;lemuel, the problem is that you’re trying to make individual level inferences based on aggregate data.&lt;/i&gt;

Well, yes. What&#039;s wrong with that?

&lt;i&gt; you have no idea what happens to the positions of individuals within age cohorts. there could be event effects, life cycle effects, etc.&lt;/i&gt;

Well, no.The aggregate data are enough to reject the idea of life cycle effects. There clearly is not a relationship between age and party ID, at least not one that is strong &amp; stable enough to matter. As far as whether there is a cohort effect, you&#039;re right, this is just suggestive. With more detail, it&#039;s possible the apparent cohort effect would disappear. But it still tells us something.

By the way, the Gelman paper Henry links to discusses doing exactly the same analysis: estimating age, cohort and period effects using just annual breakdowns of party ID by age. So obviously he (and presumably Henry) don&#039;t agree that such an analysis leaves you with &quot;no idea&quot; about the underlying dynamic.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p><i>lemuel, the problem is that you&#8217;re trying to make individual level inferences based on aggregate data.</i></p>

	<p>Well, yes. What&#8217;s wrong with that?</p>

	<p><i> you have no idea what happens to the positions of individuals within age cohorts. there could be event effects, life cycle effects, etc.</i></p>

	<p>Well, no.The aggregate data are enough to reject the idea of life cycle effects. There clearly is not a relationship between age and party ID, at least not one that is strong &#038; stable enough to matter. As far as whether there is a cohort effect, you&#8217;re right, this is just suggestive. With more detail, it&#8217;s possible the apparent cohort effect would disappear. But it still tells us something.</p>

	<p>By the way, the Gelman paper Henry links to discusses doing exactly the same analysis: estimating age, cohort and period effects using just annual breakdowns of party ID by age. So obviously he (and presumably Henry) don&#8217;t agree that such an analysis leaves you with &#8220;no idea&#8221; about the underlying dynamic.</p>
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		<title>By: Steve Casburn</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2008/10/07/cohort-age-and-period/comment-page-1/#comment-254551</link>
		<dc:creator>Steve Casburn</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 08 Oct 2008 05:21:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=8009#comment-254551</guid>
		<description>Henry: Gelman&#039;s chart estimating party identification by age cohort indicates that the most Republican cohort is that born in the early 1960s.

Barack Obama was born in 1961.

A possible explanation for why Obama speaks so well across the ideological divide: He grew up as a liberal in a time of conservative reaction, and he chose to learn how to modulate his rhetoric.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Henry: Gelman&#8217;s chart estimating party identification by age cohort indicates that the most Republican cohort is that born in the early 1960s.</p>

	<p>Barack Obama was born in 1961.</p>

	<p>A possible explanation for why Obama speaks so well across the ideological divide: He grew up as a liberal in a time of conservative reaction, and he chose to learn how to modulate his rhetoric.</p>
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