<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss version="2.0"
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
	xmlns:sy="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/"
		>
<channel>
	<title>Comments on: Political Entrepreneurs and Lunatics with Money</title>
	<atom:link href="http://crookedtimber.org/2009/05/01/political-entrepreneurs-and-lunatics-with-money/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2009/05/01/political-entrepreneurs-and-lunatics-with-money/</link>
	<description>Out of the crooked timber of humanity, no straight thing was ever made</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Wed, 22 May 2013 20:53:07 +0000</lastBuildDate>
	<sy:updatePeriod>hourly</sy:updatePeriod>
	<sy:updateFrequency>1</sy:updateFrequency>
	<generator>http://wordpress.org/?v=3.5.1</generator>
	<item>
		<title>By: ajay</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2009/05/01/political-entrepreneurs-and-lunatics-with-money/comment-page-1/#comment-274455</link>
		<dc:creator>ajay</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 05 May 2009 15:25:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=10945#comment-274455</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&lt;i&gt;So saying “I haven’t heard of any lefty billionaires” isn’t really convincing evidence they don’t exist; you haven’t heard of most billionaires or their political views, you only hear about the ones who have been pitched on projects. And if only center-leftists and right-wingers pitch projects, you’ll only hear of those.&lt;/i&gt;

Tell you what, here&#039;s a link to the Forbes List of billionaires. Why don&#039;t you go through that and list out all the ones who you&#039;d call &quot;lefties&quot;.
http://www.forbes.com/2009/03/11/worlds-richest-people-billionaires-2009-billionaires_land.html]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><i>So saying “I haven’t heard of any lefty billionaires” isn’t really convincing evidence they don’t exist; you haven’t heard of most billionaires or their political views, you only hear about the ones who have been pitched on projects. And if only center-leftists and right-wingers pitch projects, you’ll only hear of those.</i></p>
<p>Tell you what, here&#8217;s a link to the Forbes List of billionaires. Why don&#8217;t you go through that and list out all the ones who you&#8217;d call &#8220;lefties&#8221;.<br />
<a href="http://www.forbes.com/2009/03/11/worlds-richest-people-billionaires-2009-billionaires_land.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.forbes.com/2009/03/11/worlds-richest-people-billionaires-2009-billionaires_land.html</a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Aaron Swartz</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2009/05/01/political-entrepreneurs-and-lunatics-with-money/comment-page-1/#comment-274398</link>
		<dc:creator>Aaron Swartz</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 04 May 2009 20:48:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=10945#comment-274398</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I guess I should have spelled this out, but my point was that I doubt we would have heard of Coors or Scaife and their political views were it not for the fact that they got pitched by political entrepreneurs. So saying &quot;I haven&#039;t heard of any lefty billionaires&quot; isn&#039;t really convincing evidence they don&#039;t exist; you haven&#039;t heard of most billionaires or their political views, you only hear about the ones who have been pitched on projects. And if only center-leftists and right-wingers pitch projects, you&#039;ll only hear of those.

&lt;a href=&quot;http://crookedtimber.org/2009/05/01/political-entrepreneurs-and-lunatics-with-money/#comment-274225&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;#5&lt;/a&gt; is definitely right that there&#039;s a huge cultural component to working with rich folks, which further limits the supply of political entrepreneurs. The observation also contains the germ of a counterargument: being rich severely skews the people you hang out with and how they act, which can push you to be more conservative. Still, I&#039;m skeptical this is the whole story.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I guess I should have spelled this out, but my point was that I doubt we would have heard of Coors or Scaife and their political views were it not for the fact that they got pitched by political entrepreneurs. So saying &#8220;I haven&#8217;t heard of any lefty billionaires&#8221; isn&#8217;t really convincing evidence they don&#8217;t exist; you haven&#8217;t heard of most billionaires or their political views, you only hear about the ones who have been pitched on projects. And if only center-leftists and right-wingers pitch projects, you&#8217;ll only hear of those.</p>
<p><a href="http://crookedtimber.org/2009/05/01/political-entrepreneurs-and-lunatics-with-money/#comment-274225" rel="nofollow">#5</a> is definitely right that there&#8217;s a huge cultural component to working with rich folks, which further limits the supply of political entrepreneurs. The observation also contains the germ of a counterargument: being rich severely skews the people you hang out with and how they act, which can push you to be more conservative. Still, I&#8217;m skeptical this is the whole story.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Chris</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2009/05/01/political-entrepreneurs-and-lunatics-with-money/comment-page-1/#comment-274395</link>
		<dc:creator>Chris</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 04 May 2009 19:18:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=10945#comment-274395</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Oops... revered by everyone *for* the personal awesomeness &amp;c. in my first paragraph above.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Oops&#8230; revered by everyone *for* the personal awesomeness &amp;c. in my first paragraph above.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Chris</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2009/05/01/political-entrepreneurs-and-lunatics-with-money/comment-page-1/#comment-274394</link>
		<dc:creator>Chris</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 04 May 2009 19:16:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=10945#comment-274394</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&lt;i&gt;And yet, there must be crazy lefty billionaires too.&lt;/i&gt;

Considering that perhaps *the* defining characteristic of the right is the belief that rich people deserve their riches, should have more of them, and should be more revered by everyone by the personal awesomeness that made them rich, I&#039;m not particularly surprised to find a strong political skew within this demographic.

There *are* some lefty billionaires - Gates and Soros come to mind - but I&#039;m not sure if either of them is crazy, and more to the point, there are a lot more Scaifes and Coorses.  (Gates, AFAIK, prefers to run his own organization rather than have someone run it for hire.  Perhaps that is related to the fact that he is the maker of a fortune (in at least some sense), not the heir to one.)

Overall, you make an excellent case for stronger inheritance taxes - and isn&#039;t it interesting how very vehement a movement funded by the *heirs* of rich people is about the &quot;death tax&quot;?  Andrew Mellon didn&#039;t pay the estate tax (AFAIK), but Richard Mellon Scaife sure did.  Perhaps that&#039;s why the latter is the one who intensely hates it.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><i>And yet, there must be crazy lefty billionaires too.</i></p>
<p>Considering that perhaps *the* defining characteristic of the right is the belief that rich people deserve their riches, should have more of them, and should be more revered by everyone by the personal awesomeness that made them rich, I&#8217;m not particularly surprised to find a strong political skew within this demographic.</p>
<p>There *are* some lefty billionaires &#8211; Gates and Soros come to mind &#8211; but I&#8217;m not sure if either of them is crazy, and more to the point, there are a lot more Scaifes and Coorses.  (Gates, AFAIK, prefers to run his own organization rather than have someone run it for hire.  Perhaps that is related to the fact that he is the maker of a fortune (in at least some sense), not the heir to one.)</p>
<p>Overall, you make an excellent case for stronger inheritance taxes &#8211; and isn&#8217;t it interesting how very vehement a movement funded by the *heirs* of rich people is about the &#8220;death tax&#8221;?  Andrew Mellon didn&#8217;t pay the estate tax (AFAIK), but Richard Mellon Scaife sure did.  Perhaps that&#8217;s why the latter is the one who intensely hates it.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: hix</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2009/05/01/political-entrepreneurs-and-lunatics-with-money/comment-page-1/#comment-274301</link>
		<dc:creator>hix</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 03 May 2009 18:09:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=10945#comment-274301</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Not very convincing.  As far as i can halfway pinpoint the political positions of some very rich, they are never left.   Being left of some madman does not make you left compared to the average person.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Not very convincing.  As far as i can halfway pinpoint the political positions of some very rich, they are never left.   Being left of some madman does not make you left compared to the average person.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Jack William Bell</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2009/05/01/political-entrepreneurs-and-lunatics-with-money/comment-page-1/#comment-274299</link>
		<dc:creator>Jack William Bell</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 03 May 2009 17:26:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=10945#comment-274299</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Personally I think the most interesting thing about this trend is the fact the Republican party has moved so far away from the &#039;conservative policy&#039; of small government. Instead they played the game the way big business most wanted: Smaller taxes and more regulation.

I&#039;m sure the second part surprised some people; after all doesn&#039;t big business want to avoid regulation? The answer is no: Big businesses can control the regulation to their benefit in a way that harms them least, while keeping small business from being competitive with them because the regulations introduce costs which may only be covered by scale. Big business has money, money buys access, access leads to laws and regulation favoring the money. Endless circles, independent of which party is in power for closing the loop.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Personally I think the most interesting thing about this trend is the fact the Republican party has moved so far away from the &#8216;conservative policy&#8217; of small government. Instead they played the game the way big business most wanted: Smaller taxes and more regulation.</p>
<p>I&#8217;m sure the second part surprised some people; after all doesn&#8217;t big business want to avoid regulation? The answer is no: Big businesses can control the regulation to their benefit in a way that harms them least, while keeping small business from being competitive with them because the regulations introduce costs which may only be covered by scale. Big business has money, money buys access, access leads to laws and regulation favoring the money. Endless circles, independent of which party is in power for closing the loop.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Henri Vieuxtemps</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2009/05/01/political-entrepreneurs-and-lunatics-with-money/comment-page-1/#comment-274264</link>
		<dc:creator>Henri Vieuxtemps</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 02 May 2009 16:43:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=10945#comment-274264</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Yeah, shouldn&#039;t be &quot;the&quot; there, the editor missed that one. Native slavic speakers have a problem with articles.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Yeah, shouldn&#8217;t be &#8220;the&#8221; there, the editor missed that one. Native slavic speakers have a problem with articles.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: belle le triste</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2009/05/01/political-entrepreneurs-and-lunatics-with-money/comment-page-1/#comment-274253</link>
		<dc:creator>belle le triste</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 02 May 2009 11:12:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=10945#comment-274253</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&quot;liberal communists are the agents of the structural violence&quot; -- this is silly; most of the &quot;agents of structural violence&quot; (if this formulation even makes sense)* are neither &quot;liberals&quot; or &quot;communists&quot;

better would be: &quot;liberal communists nevertheless remain among the agents of the structural violence (albeit in a tiny minority)&quot;
 
*i know what zizek means but surely the entire point of the term &quot;structural violence&quot; in his argument is to indicate that the agency of individuals, even nominally powerful individuals of good heart, is ultimately neither here nor there]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;liberal communists are the agents of the structural violence&#8221; &#8212; this is silly; most of the &#8220;agents of structural violence&#8221; (if this formulation even makes sense)* are neither &#8220;liberals&#8221; or &#8220;communists&#8221;</p>
<p>better would be: &#8220;liberal communists nevertheless remain among the agents of the structural violence (albeit in a tiny minority)&#8221;</p>
<p>*i know what zizek means but surely the entire point of the term &#8220;structural violence&#8221; in his argument is to indicate that the agency of individuals, even nominally powerful individuals of good heart, is ultimately neither here nor there</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Henri Vieuxtemps</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2009/05/01/political-entrepreneurs-and-lunatics-with-money/comment-page-1/#comment-274252</link>
		<dc:creator>Henri Vieuxtemps</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 02 May 2009 10:04:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=10945#comment-274252</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Zizek in his &lt;i&gt;Violence&lt;/i&gt; describes what he calls &quot;liberal communists&quot;, represented by Bill Gates, George Soros, etc. Shorter version in his piece &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lrb.co.uk/v28/n07/zize01_.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.  Pretty obvious stuff, really. Zizek:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
...We should have no illusions: liberal communists are the enemy of every true progressive struggle today. All other enemies – religious fundamentalists, terrorists, corrupt and inefficient state bureaucracies – depend on contingent local circumstances. Precisely because they want to resolve all these secondary malfunctions of the global system, liberal communists are the direct embodiment of what is wrong with the system. It may be necessary to enter into tactical alliances with liberal communists in order to fight racism, sexism and religious obscurantism, but it’s important to remember exactly what they are up to. [...]
They may fight subjective violence, but liberal communists are the agents of the structural violence that creates the conditions for explosions of subjective violence. The same Soros who gives millions to fund education has ruined the lives of thousands thanks to his financial speculations and in doing so created the conditions for the rise of the intolerance he denounces.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Zizek in his <i>Violence</i> describes what he calls &#8220;liberal communists&#8221;, represented by Bill Gates, George Soros, etc. Shorter version in his piece <a href="http://www.lrb.co.uk/v28/n07/zize01_.html" rel="nofollow">here</a>.  Pretty obvious stuff, really. Zizek:</p>
<blockquote><p>
&#8230;We should have no illusions: liberal communists are the enemy of every true progressive struggle today. All other enemies – religious fundamentalists, terrorists, corrupt and inefficient state bureaucracies – depend on contingent local circumstances. Precisely because they want to resolve all these secondary malfunctions of the global system, liberal communists are the direct embodiment of what is wrong with the system. It may be necessary to enter into tactical alliances with liberal communists in order to fight racism, sexism and religious obscurantism, but it’s important to remember exactly what they are up to. [...]<br />
They may fight subjective violence, but liberal communists are the agents of the structural violence that creates the conditions for explosions of subjective violence. The same Soros who gives millions to fund education has ruined the lives of thousands thanks to his financial speculations and in doing so created the conditions for the rise of the intolerance he denounces.
</p></blockquote>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: PD</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2009/05/01/political-entrepreneurs-and-lunatics-with-money/comment-page-1/#comment-274246</link>
		<dc:creator>PD</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 02 May 2009 03:03:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=10945#comment-274246</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Except that Mr. Goodrich didn&#039;t actually give any money to fund GMUSL, and the school has been underfunded relative to its peers, often woefully, from the beginning.  GMUSL under Manne came into being, ironically, because the president of a poor state school wanted a &quot;name&quot; law school, not because of funding from a rich donor.  As Teles&#039;s book shows, by the time the Manne became dean at GMUSL, the rich donors had largely given up on him.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Except that Mr. Goodrich didn&#8217;t actually give any money to fund GMUSL, and the school has been underfunded relative to its peers, often woefully, from the beginning.  GMUSL under Manne came into being, ironically, because the president of a poor state school wanted a &#8220;name&#8221; law school, not because of funding from a rich donor.  As Teles&#8217;s book shows, by the time the Manne became dean at GMUSL, the rich donors had largely given up on him.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Frowner</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2009/05/01/political-entrepreneurs-and-lunatics-with-money/comment-page-1/#comment-274240</link>
		<dc:creator>Frowner</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 02 May 2009 00:52:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=10945#comment-274240</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I don&#039;t want to be all contrary, but I was just at a large immigrants&#039; rights demonstration just full of anti-imperialists, probably split about 33/33/34 between liberals/progressives, socialists and anarchists.  One of the reasons &quot;there is no American left&quot; is because actual radicals and anti-imperialists here routinely get dismissed as just a bunch of dirty hippies/students/non-serious-people by those who ought to know better.  No matter whether our projects are the Allied Media Conference or the Incite Collective or indigenous rights or anti-border activism, we&#039;re all just a bunch of silly students who smell bad, or whatever the insult of the day is.  And the idea that we ought to belt up and court billionaires to prove that our projects have worth--well, if that&#039;s the spirit of the Mexican revolution, I bet Zapata is spinning in his grave.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I don&#8217;t want to be all contrary, but I was just at a large immigrants&#8217; rights demonstration just full of anti-imperialists, probably split about 33/33/34 between liberals/progressives, socialists and anarchists.  One of the reasons &#8220;there is no American left&#8221; is because actual radicals and anti-imperialists here routinely get dismissed as just a bunch of dirty hippies/students/non-serious-people by those who ought to know better.  No matter whether our projects are the Allied Media Conference or the Incite Collective or indigenous rights or anti-border activism, we&#8217;re all just a bunch of silly students who smell bad, or whatever the insult of the day is.  And the idea that we ought to belt up and court billionaires to prove that our projects have worth&#8211;well, if that&#8217;s the spirit of the Mexican revolution, I bet Zapata is spinning in his grave.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Lupita</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2009/05/01/political-entrepreneurs-and-lunatics-with-money/comment-page-1/#comment-274235</link>
		<dc:creator>Lupita</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 01 May 2009 22:10:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=10945#comment-274235</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Venustiano Carranza started a socialist revolution in Mexico with funding from rich people.  The American left gets no funding because there is no American left, that is, socialists or anti-imperialists.  The void has been filled by self-described progressives who focus exclusively on narrowly defined, national issues that probably seem very boring and inconsequential to rich people, as they do to the rest of the world.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Venustiano Carranza started a socialist revolution in Mexico with funding from rich people.  The American left gets no funding because there is no American left, that is, socialists or anti-imperialists.  The void has been filled by self-described progressives who focus exclusively on narrowly defined, national issues that probably seem very boring and inconsequential to rich people, as they do to the rest of the world.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Matthias Wasser</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2009/05/01/political-entrepreneurs-and-lunatics-with-money/comment-page-1/#comment-274232</link>
		<dc:creator>Matthias Wasser</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 01 May 2009 20:52:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=10945#comment-274232</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[As a good institutionalist, I’m a bit uncomfortable proposing what basically amounts to a cultural explanation for this phenomenon, but while it’s less intellectually satisfying it’s at least more politically optimistic. If one of the things holding the left back is a lack of political entrepreneurs, then all we need to do is make more.

If a thesis strikes you as intellectually dodgy but poliitcally convenient,  that&#039;s usually a cue to disregard the thesis.

Occam&#039;s Razor, here:  isn&#039;t &quot;where are all the left-wing billionaires?&quot; kind of a self-answering question?]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>As a good institutionalist, I’m a bit uncomfortable proposing what basically amounts to a cultural explanation for this phenomenon, but while it’s less intellectually satisfying it’s at least more politically optimistic. If one of the things holding the left back is a lack of political entrepreneurs, then all we need to do is make more.</p>
<p>If a thesis strikes you as intellectually dodgy but poliitcally convenient,  that&#8217;s usually a cue to disregard the thesis.</p>
<p>Occam&#8217;s Razor, here:  isn&#8217;t &#8220;where are all the left-wing billionaires?&#8221; kind of a self-answering question?</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: lemuel pitkin</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2009/05/01/political-entrepreneurs-and-lunatics-with-money/comment-page-1/#comment-274229</link>
		<dc:creator>lemuel pitkin</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 01 May 2009 18:01:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=10945#comment-274229</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Aaron Swartz is right that the average leftist isn&#039;t interested in founding or managing organizations. 

Just like the average baseball fan doesn&#039;t care about batting or pitching, just fielding. 

And like the average bookstore hardly carries novels and doesn&#039;t even have a fiction section.

The average moviegoer has no interest in films made after 1950 or so.

The average economist takes it for granted that central planning is more efficient and dynamic than markets.

Yup.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Aaron Swartz is right that the average leftist isn&#8217;t interested in founding or managing organizations. </p>
<p>Just like the average baseball fan doesn&#8217;t care about batting or pitching, just fielding. </p>
<p>And like the average bookstore hardly carries novels and doesn&#8217;t even have a fiction section.</p>
<p>The average moviegoer has no interest in films made after 1950 or so.</p>
<p>The average economist takes it for granted that central planning is more efficient and dynamic than markets.</p>
<p>Yup.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: luis</title>
		<link>http://crookedtimber.org/2009/05/01/political-entrepreneurs-and-lunatics-with-money/comment-page-1/#comment-274228</link>
		<dc:creator>luis</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 01 May 2009 17:50:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://crookedtimber.org/?p=10945#comment-274228</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&lt;i&gt;Personally, look, I don’t want from-the-top social change.&lt;/i&gt;
Depending on what you mean by &#039;social&#039;, I&#039;m not sure there is any other kind of useful change.

Technological, economic, and cultural change- changes that come about as a result of aggregated small changes and small actions on the parts of many different people- can be &#039;not from the top&#039;. But they aren&#039;t primarily chosen or led, either, so these sorts of changes are rarely very useful in deliberately attaining specific outcomes. You can sort of try to engineer them, sometimes (see, e.g., Stallman&#039;s attempts to bring software &#039;to the masses&#039;  in a particular way, or perhaps Ford&#039;s early attempts at fair compensation to induce worker loyalty to capitalism) but that is hard to attempt and even harder to succeed at.

Political change in a large, modern polity- which is what Aaron is talking about, and I think what you&#039;re really talking about as well- is a different beast. Because it involves organizing large groups of people to take explicit, conscious actions, it always has leaders, elites, and supporting institutions. They may or may not be well organized (in this particular case it seems like &#039;less&#039; though I haven&#039;t read the book yet). They may be more or less responsive to the interests of their particular masses, and their particular masses may be larger or smaller. They may or may not style themselves as populists; may or may not actually be populists. But these leaders and institutions are always there, consciously seeking specific change. So it is really hard to see what social change is that isn&#039;t, in some way, &#039;from the top&#039;, at least as you seem to be defining it here.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><i>Personally, look, I don’t want from-the-top social change.</i><br />
Depending on what you mean by &#8216;social&#8217;, I&#8217;m not sure there is any other kind of useful change.</p>
<p>Technological, economic, and cultural change- changes that come about as a result of aggregated small changes and small actions on the parts of many different people- can be &#8216;not from the top&#8217;. But they aren&#8217;t primarily chosen or led, either, so these sorts of changes are rarely very useful in deliberately attaining specific outcomes. You can sort of try to engineer them, sometimes (see, e.g., Stallman&#8217;s attempts to bring software &#8216;to the masses&#8217;  in a particular way, or perhaps Ford&#8217;s early attempts at fair compensation to induce worker loyalty to capitalism) but that is hard to attempt and even harder to succeed at.</p>
<p>Political change in a large, modern polity- which is what Aaron is talking about, and I think what you&#8217;re really talking about as well- is a different beast. Because it involves organizing large groups of people to take explicit, conscious actions, it always has leaders, elites, and supporting institutions. They may or may not be well organized (in this particular case it seems like &#8216;less&#8217; though I haven&#8217;t read the book yet). They may be more or less responsive to the interests of their particular masses, and their particular masses may be larger or smaller. They may or may not style themselves as populists; may or may not actually be populists. But these leaders and institutions are always there, consciously seeking specific change. So it is really hard to see what social change is that isn&#8217;t, in some way, &#8216;from the top&#8217;, at least as you seem to be defining it here.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
</channel>
</rss>
