Many excluded from opportunity to get tickets for Michael Jackson memorial services

by Eszter Hargittai on July 7, 2009

The assumption about universal Internet access among Americans likely left some of the most enthusiastic Michael Jackson fans without the opportunity to enter the lottery for tickets to the memorial services being held today in Los Angeles. Registering for the lottery could only be done online and many millions of Americans don’t have Internet access in their homes. Worse yet, because registration was confined to the dates of July 3rd and July 4th, most public access points would have been inaccessible due to holiday closings at public libraries and other locations. Adding insult to injury, these constraints of online access are very much unequally distributed among the population leaving certain types of people – for example, African Americans – much less likely to have had the opportunity to enter the drawing.

Talking about the digital divide – or the differences between the technological haves and have-nots – is passé conjuring up seemingly outdated debates of the 1990s. Nonetheless, the fact remains that a big portion of Americans continues to live without Internet access at home or often without any Internet use anywhere. According to the
latest figures (2007) from the Census Bureau’s Current Population Survey, over 38% of American households report no home Internet use. Broken down by race and ethnicity, close to 55% of African American households and over 56% of Hispanic households do not report home Internet usage. The Pew Internet & American Life Project has more
recent figures
confirming that large numbers of Americans continue to be disconnected with Blacks and Hispanics less likely to be online than Whites and Asian Americans.

Having the chance to win a ticket to the Michael Jackson memorial services required Internet access at several levels. First, one had to access a Web site on July 3rd or July 4th to sign up for the drawing. Second, entering the lottery required an email address. Third, in order to find out about winning, one would have to check email on Sunday, July 5th to see about winner notification.

So how come we’ve seen no buzz over this topic? Buzz these days seems to come from online discussions and by definition, the people being excluded in this process are not online. They don’t run searches on Google, they don’t use Twitter, they don’t blog and consequently what’s on their minds does not show up in data about trending topics online. This is just one example of how the voices of those not online and the positions they represent are systematically excluded from conversation and public discussions. Millions of Americans are not online and this is just one example of the many opportunities from which they are systematically excluded on a daily basis due to this constraint.

Of course, there is no basic right associated with a chance to attend the Michael Jackson memorial services, but the rhetoric suggesting that anyone could enter the contest is problematic and perpetuates assumptions about how universal Internet use is in this country.

{ 96 comments }

1

Eric Schwartz 07.07.09 at 1:46 pm

Speaking of blogs and books Eszter …

2

Lazygal 07.07.09 at 2:25 pm

And people in several states (including New York) were prohibited from entering: http://www.cfnews13.com/News/Local/2009/7/6/floridians_barred_from_michael_jackson_ticket_lottery.html

3

AA 07.07.09 at 2:33 pm

Ah! What about Iran? Don’t we base our perceptions about what happened on Twitter and Facebook? I think your point is far wider than a draw to attend a funeral.

To be a bit more philosophical about it, the big question for the web is validation. An epistemology in the absence of direct sensual input. The web is assumed by some to be a great liberator. Enhancing the direct access to facts and providing a variety of independent sources for cross-validation. How realistic is this picture for the US? How realistic is it for the world at large?

I hope, you’ll have more to say about it.

4

Peter 07.07.09 at 3:00 pm

While not directly relevant to the point about ethnic differences in Internet access, the fact remains that people who were able to apply for tickets online had a very, very tiny chance of actually being selected.

5

Evan 07.07.09 at 3:07 pm

My sense is that there are better bases upon which to critique the technological divide. In other news, people without internet cannot pay bills, find and apply for jobs, or remain connected with distant friends and family nearly as easily. But yes, the poor folks are missing out on Michael Jackson’s funeral. God forbid we fail to waste bandwidth on THAT injustice.

You did clarify that you’re not arguing for a “basic right associated with a chance to attend,” but it’s still difficult to avoid thinking that the point made here is a little bit absurd.

6

Maria 07.07.09 at 3:10 pm

Lazygal, several American states have very strict rules about any kind of online lottery, even lotteries without direct money prizes.

7

Rich B. 07.07.09 at 3:14 pm

I imagine that if you change “no home Internet usage” to “no home internet usage and no close friends with internet usage,” your number will likely shrink from 38% considerably (although those remaining will likely still be disproportionately poor and minority.)

I spent the better part of 45 minutes Sunday on the telephone with my elderly, poor, computerless grandmother, reading off every possible permutation of a round trip between two major train hubs on Amtrak.com so that her elderly, poor, computerless friend could pay her a visit by train. It would likely have been a lot less trouble to set up an e-mail account for her and enter her in the lottery.

So, this COULD be a problem, or it could just be something that looks like a problem, but isn’t.

8

mpowell 07.07.09 at 3:15 pm

Many of these people also do not have access to basic dental care, among other things. I’m a little more concerned about that, to be honest.

9

Eszter Hargittai 07.07.09 at 3:22 pm

mpowell – this is an example, of course there are lots of other inequities that are in many ways more significant. This is an interesting case through which inequalities that tend to be invisible can be pointed out. Note that better universal Internet access and associated user skill could address some inequalities including ones concerning some aspects of health care.

10

novakant 07.07.09 at 3:49 pm

Do these statistics include mobile devices? You don’t need a connection at home to access the internet and almost everybody has a mobile phone.

11

ajay 07.07.09 at 3:53 pm

Many of these people also do not have access to basic dental care, among other things. I’m a little more concerned about that, to be honest.

No, but you don’t understand. This is about people who couldn’t get tickets to Michael Jackson memorial concerts.

And there is a real difference between “no home Internet access” and “no Internet access”. There are, for example, wifi hotspots. Internet cafes. Libraries with free access. Internet-capable phones.

12

Winston McGrain 07.07.09 at 4:35 pm

Anybody wanting to enter this lottery probably shouldn’t be on the Internet anyway, so it seems like a win-win to me.

13

Salient 07.07.09 at 4:39 pm

Sigh. +1 to the count.

Perhaps I should re-define the category: Posts written by CT contributors on which a good share of the comments say, “This wasn’t worth writing about.” (That’s what I meant originally, when I said comments questioning the post’s right to exist.)

Apparently commentators feel more strongly compelled to respond in this way when the post is written by a female.

14

Eszter Hargittai 07.07.09 at 5:00 pm

novakant – Having a mobile phone does not mean that someone has Internet access. Data plans are not free and lots of people don’t have them.

ajay – Did you read my post? I note specifically the issue that the lottery was open on days when most public access locations such as public libraries were closed since these were holidays in the US. Also, the stats info I link to does consider other access locations as well.

Salient – Thanks. Very used to this already having been blogging here for almost six years. Have received lots of positive feedback elsewhere on this post so I’m not walking away thinking that the piece was so unclear as to have everyone miss the point.

15

Cryptic ned 07.07.09 at 5:11 pm

And there is a real difference between “no home Internet access” and “no Internet access”. There are, for example, wifi hotspots. Internet cafes. Libraries with free access. Internet-capable phones.

How many people with laptops or Internet-capable phones don’t have Internet access at home? One? Zero?

Libraries, of course, though they aren’t exactly open 24/7, or even 10/7 in most places.

16

Lazygal 07.07.09 at 5:14 pm

Maria, my point was that it wasn’t just on-line access that hindered people from participating. Even those with access couldn’t, had they wanted to. As Eszter says Of course, there is no basic right associated with a chance to attend the Michael Jackson memorial services, but the rhetoric suggesting that anyone could enter the contest is problematic and perpetuates assumptions about how universal Internet use is in this country.

17

SamChevre 07.07.09 at 5:24 pm

How many people with laptops or Internet-capable phones don’t have Internet access at home? One? Zero?

Many, me for one. Have you tried getting a non-Internet-capable phone recently?

Also, the public libraries here leave their wireless routers on even when the library is closed. (This is poor rural Virginia, but the libraries have wireless internet access available.) So it is possible–and not uncommon–to go to the library with a laptop and use the internet even when the library is closed.

18

evil is evil 07.07.09 at 5:54 pm

When did crooked timber go right wing nutso? I would expect something like this on one of the edgier nutso blogs.

We need to focus on the important. Not the trivial. I don’t give a shit if Sarah Palin runs off to Argentina to live with Governor Sanford’s lover that she met on the internet and decided she was a lesbian. You know what i mean?

You think this comment is disparaging go read some of Huffpost comments.

19

R Gould-Saltman 07.07.09 at 6:14 pm

I’m only troubled by “the rhetoric suggesting that anyone could enter the contest” to the extent, for instance, I’m troubled by the “rhetoric suggesting” that the voting on “American Idol” really means anything about the aesthetic preferences of the American public, i.e., it doesn’t trouble me much.

I don’t think that decision to run the ticket lottery electronically, as the means most calculated to result in something like random distribution, “added insult to injury”, any more than if, with a little more time, the tickets had only been available to people who subscribed to HBO, or who bought music through I-Tunes, or who got coupons under the lids of soft drinks.

It’s commerce. I didn’t expect that the tickets would be distributed “fairly”, any more than I’d rely on the assertion that the memorial collectable dinner plates and decorated coins will increase in value and become valuable heirlooms.

from three blocks north of the Staples Center

rfgs

20

jacob 07.07.09 at 6:55 pm

I think this is an important point, especially given the way public mourning for Jackson has been strongly raced. A question, though: my (admittedly ignorant and probably dated) understanding is that there are strong geographical differences in internet access. Should we assume that national access patterns necessarily hold true in Los Angeles specifically? (I am presuming that most, or at least a strong plurality, of those who wanted tickets were from the LA area, since others faced hurtles far greater than internet access to get to the memorial service/concert.)

21

Public Strategist 07.07.09 at 7:34 pm

And in an interesting parallel, Martha Lane Fox (founder of lastminute.com), recently appointed as the UK government’s “digital inclusion champion” made her first public speech on the subject yesterday, reported in today’s FT, making the point that digital exclusion correlates strongly with other forms of social exclusion. She seemed, indeed, to be going further than that, arguing at least by implication that online access leads to 10% higher earnings and 25% higher confidence as well as to very tangible purchasing efficiencies.

22

John Quiggin 07.07.09 at 8:57 pm

Salient & Eszter, comments of the form “this post is a waste of time” are a common problem, gender-biased as you say (though male posters get some too), and one that needs some inquiry. Maybe some of those who have commented in this way would like to explain what motivated them to do so, rather than reading a post on a topic of more interest to them, and perhaps making a substantive comment on that.

23

novakant 07.07.09 at 9:52 pm

Having a mobile phone does not mean that someone has Internet access. Data plans are not free and lots of people don’t have them.

I can’t speak for the US, but in the UK everybody I know, as well as all the kids I see on public transport, have internet access on their phones and you get all-inclusive plans with unlimited data and a free phone for somewhere around £30 a month. More and more people don’t even have a landline anymore. Again, maybe it’s different in the US, I don’t know, but I think people who do have access on their phones (or laptops) need to be included in such statistics.

24

Evan 07.08.09 at 1:24 am

“comments of the form “this post is a waste of time” are a common problem, gender-biased as you say (though male posters get some too), and one that needs some inquiry. Maybe some of those who have commented in this way would like to explain what motivated them to do so, rather than reading a post on a topic of more interest to them, and perhaps making a substantive comment on that.”

One too many entries in Google reader about Michael Jackson, when there are more serious discussions to be had. The suggestion that this is gender driven seems off to me- a post simply gushing over some entertainment banality wouldn’t warrant a response. A post that is charged with a serious ethical statement like this one is at least serious enough to respond with an objection that the ethical impulse is wasted on a sensation like this. If the blogger wishes to get defensive from that point, they’re welcome to do so, but they’d be missing out on some honest- if harsh- criticism.

25

Jon Garfunkel 07.08.09 at 2:10 am

Eszter,

This being just under 500 words, I’m not sure if this is what you submitted to the Times. Assuming it is I will offer my feedback.

It probably would have been artful to reach, or even recall, Ladonna Jones, the 11-year old girl from Texas who wrote Michael Jackson begged him to liberalize the ticket policy for the Victory tour in 1984. (She mailed it to the Dallas Morning News, asking, “Is your appearance here in Texas Stadium only for the rich?” Today, she would have made a blog post or facebook status update which no one would read…)

It would also have been artful to call Staples HQ and see whether they were authorizing their stores in the Southern California to allow people to use the Internet in the stores (for free) to enter the contest. They may well have done that; or they could have been spurred by your request.

Overall, I would agree with your readers that questions this as a worthy example. The appearance in the Times would have trivialized any discussion in the near future. I would be more interested in seeing petitions for news orgs and .gov participation sites to encourage users to list age/sex/race and other demographics of which people are most active. This might help focus readers on tangible consequences of digital divide issue.

Jon

26

Nick Caldwell 07.08.09 at 5:22 am

Evan, are ethical impulses in such short supply — or rather, are they a resource that cannot be renewed — that you need to police their expression so assiduously?

27

Maria 07.08.09 at 7:01 am

Ten four, Lazygal (16) – I’m sorry for misinterpreting your comment.

28

andthenyoufall 07.08.09 at 7:03 am

re:21 – I don’t think I’ve ever commented on a post’s existential rights, but I understand the impulse. Being a borderline-obsessive reader of newspapers and blogs is a little bit like being a rat that hits the flashing button and expects to get its rat-snack. When the rat doesn’t get the rat-snack it was hoping for, said rat is annoyed (and perhaps must confront gnawing questions about why it is in a cage, pushing flashing buttons).

29

ajay 07.08.09 at 9:19 am

13, 21: OK, so being unable to enter an online lottery for Michael Jackson tickets without leaving your house is a serious civil rights issue, and, if you don’t agree, you’re a horrible chauvinist pig.

30

Katherine 07.08.09 at 10:08 am

The suggestion that this is gender driven seems off to me

And you say this on the basis of what? Any evidence to offer to counter Salient’s point (that I made also on the comment thread he links to) beyond the assumption/hope that sexism (unconscious or not) couldn’t possibly exist on an academic blog?

31

alex 07.08.09 at 10:20 am

On the basis of individual perception, I expect. Which is what the ‘call’ of sexism was made on, since there is absolutely none, in any overt sense, in anything anyone has written on this thread. Some mild snark, perhaps, but so what? If you can’t accept that many people regard popular music – and more particularly, the fetishisation of dead singers – as essentially trivial, you really shouldn’t be writing about it in a forum where they’re likely to reiterate such views. If I laugh when someone complains, in a few years, that they couldn’t get to Leonard Cohen’s memorial service, will that make me antisemitic?

32

magistra 07.08.09 at 10:33 am

If you can’t accept that many people regard popular music – and more particularly, the fetishisation of dead singers – as essentially trivial, you really shouldn’t be writing about it in a forum where they’re likely to reiterate such views.

So why were there no comments on the initial Crooked Timber post about Michael Jackson, written by Kieran, saying ‘you shouldn’t be discussing that kind of thing’?

I took Eszter’s article to be using a particular topical/popular example to show the existence of the digital divide, which is one of the things she researches on. Just like other members of the Crooked Timber team use similar illustrations to make an academic/social point. Except they don’t usually get complaints from commentators about doing so.

33

Eszter Hargittai 07.08.09 at 10:44 am

John Q, I appreciate your raising the point. The one problem with doing so on a specific thread is that people like alex completely misunderstand the point – i.e., that these responses have little to do with the topic of any particular thread – and thus won’t be able to give a helpful response. Then again, the mere idea that such people could give an informative response to such a question is probably wishful thinking so not sure that taking them on directly is going to help, but I appreciate the attempt.

I’m not convinced it’s worth addressing people like this on substance since they exhibit borderline trollish behavior, but here it goes. (Our usual comment policy applies to this thread, fyi.) I noted in my post that this was just an example of how access differences result in differentiated opportunities, it offers an occasion to draw attention to the issue. The fact that people have such a hard time extrapolating from this example to many other cases shows how invisible the issue of the digital divide has become in this country. Given the amount of media attention to the memorial services and that not too many new points were being offered to cover it, I thought this was an interesting novel point to make in light of all that coverage.

34

alex 07.08.09 at 10:48 am

Since nobody actually said ‘you shouldn’t be discussing that kind of thing’, the point is moot. Like I said, people snark, pretty mildly in this case. Unless they’re actually insultingly sexist, asserting that they are, by implication, somehow, being a bit sexist really isn’t going to get the point taken any more seriously.

35

alex 07.08.09 at 10:50 am

And no, I entirely understand your point. I just think it’s an absurd over-reaction to the facts at hand.

36

John Quiggin 07.08.09 at 11:00 am

This thread is revelatory in ways that I hadn’t expected, given that the original point was so straightforward, and so clearly distinct from MJ fancruft. Houston, we have a problem.

37

Zamfir 07.08.09 at 11:37 am

OK, to get back on topic, what are the main drivers here? Is it purely money? A cheap computer and cheap internet access are probably within reach of a lot of the people without, but only if they can be sure before buying that they will be able to make good use of it.

Is the hurdle enough knowledge to keep the stuff running? For elder people it appears to be, and if you are elderly and don;t have tech-savvy family it might be limiting?

Or is it the knwoledge required to mak good use of the Net, which I guess isless obvious than it appears to us readers here?

Presumably there is some research into this?

38

John Quiggin 07.08.09 at 11:40 am

Eszter has posted on this in the past, noting, for example, that (at least until relatively recently) Google wasn’t nearly as dominant as the average CT reader would probably assume.

I think knowledge/savviness is the crucial factor. If Michele Lamont were still visiting she could probably relate all this to cultural capital.

39

Evan 07.08.09 at 12:30 pm

“Evan, are ethical impulses in such short supply—or rather, are they a resource that cannot be renewed—that you need to police their expression so assiduously?”

Nick Caldwell,

So expressing one’s disagreement in a conversation is now called “policing”? Let’s not get too emotional here. I’m policing Eszter no more than you are policing me. And seeing as my initial response on this thread was (I believe) my first post on Crooked Timber, I’d hardly think that “assiduously” does what I did any justice. Eszter, on the other hand, has apparently “posted on this in the past” according to John’s comment above.

In answer to your question about ethical impulses, yes I think they can be in short supply in the sense that if one inordinately applies ethical conviction, the wider ethical sense can be numbed or dumbed down. Here we’re talking about “exclusion” from a lottery to go to the funeral of an entertainer, and when we move on tomorrow or the next day to talk about more serious instances of exclusion, I think that Eszter’s commentary on Jackson will serve to dilute rather than reinforce the ethical issue. It’s not that we have to measure our words because we only have a certain amount allotted to ethical issues. I’m making a judgment on what I think to be an unhelpful commentary, and others are making their own judgments in agreement or disagreement with me. That’s really all there is to it as far as I can tell. One can’t expect everyone to be on board with every public commentary one makes. I’m not questioning that people were surely excluded from Jackson’s funeral lottery, I’m questioning whether this is a very useful instance for commenting on the technological divide as an ethical issue. We’re talking about access to part of a multi-billion dollar pop culture machine that itself has blunted ethical concern by way of triviality. The problem isn’t the exclusion from access to this thing, but rather this thing itself.

40

Nick Caldwell 07.08.09 at 1:11 pm

Evan, I wouldn’t say I was policing you, except maybe in a Keystone Kops sense.

I guess I want you to zero in on where exactly Eszter is actually wasting a precious ethical impulse. I’ve re-read the original post a couple of times, and the only moment I could really identify as conveying specific outrage was the use of “adding insult to injury”, which seems just to be a convenient cliché. And I don’t think she needs to apologise for seizing on a timely if shallow example to illuminate a deeper concern. It’s kind of this thing that bloggers do sometimes.

I do think you’re responding at a higher level than say “alex”, who seems to be commenting here through a kind of spinal reflex, but I really must gently submit to you that your target selection is a bit weak.

41

Nick Caldwell 07.08.09 at 1:16 pm

I really do need to stop writing things late at night that I’ll regret in the morning. Sorry alex. I do think you’re being a bit dense though.

42

bianca steele 07.08.09 at 1:46 pm

There is certainly a noticeable amount of trying to tell women on the Internet that they are behaving wrongly, and that they could fix everything by being more rationally assertive, or more concerned about the incentives of others to respond to them, or something. But there is also a long tradition of being snarky to things that don’t seem to make sense, and possibly more sense of intimidation from male posters than from female (maybe because female posters engage in less deliberately intimidating behavior).

I can’t speak for Eszter or the other posters, but I happen to really dislike responses like Salient’s. Just when I think I’ve taken some (male) poster in some forum down a peg, here comes a bunch of people to tell me, not “way to go” or “great zinger!”, but “don’t let him keep you down” and “he’s nothing but a jerk” (sometimes taking the opportunity to “introduce” themselves via private email to do it).

This does not happen to me in Real Life (TM).

43

Salient 07.08.09 at 2:30 pm

I can’t speak for Eszter or the other posters, but I happen to really dislike responses like Salient’s. Just when I think I’ve taken some (male) poster in some forum down a peg, here comes a bunch of people to tell me, not “way to go” or “great zinger!”, but “don’t let him keep you down” and “he’s nothing but a jerk” (sometimes taking the opportunity to “introduce” themselves via private email to do it).

bianca, I didn’t say any such thing, and it’s weird to me that you’d categorize my statement in with “he’s nothing but a jerk.” I was publicly pointing out how what ajay and novakant and mpowell posted fit into an encompassing social norm (at CT and possibly elsewhere) that can reasonably be described as sexist. I wasn’t writing to pretend to console Eszter, as you suggest.

To go with your “jerk” analogy, publicly point out people-who-are-being-jerks is fundamentally different from whispering in someone’s ear “he’s nothing but a jerk.” The former is reasonable, whereas the latter is really creepy.

Anyway, I won’t belabor the point further, since it’s a kind of meta-comment. Sorry for disrupting the thread with it (it was intended as an anti-disruptive disruption and seems to have backfired).

44

watson aname 07.08.09 at 2:33 pm

And no, I entirely understand your point.

Not so as anyone could notice.

45

novakant 07.08.09 at 2:54 pm

I was publicly pointing out how what ajay and novakant and mpowell posted fit into an encompassing social norm (at CT and possibly elsewhere) that can reasonably be described as sexist.

Excuse me?!? How was my comment sexist? I was asking a question and making a point regarding internet usage on mobile devices. Please explain.

46

Britta 07.08.09 at 2:55 pm

Wow. I am also a longtime reader, vaguely curious as to what about Michael Jackson brings out so many libertarian/conservative borderline trolls? I’m always amused by the “this is trivial and does not deserve to be addressed” (why bother to comment then?). Also, it’s a common but completely inane point (and smacks mildly of objectivism) . Should people only be allowed to write on the AIDS epidemic, lack of drinking water, global warming, war in Iraq, etc. in order to be taken seriously? Where does one draw the line? What’s wrong with posting about a seemingly small and trivial (at least to CT readers) example that is reflective of a larger problem? I thought drawing something larger from the small (to grossly paraphrase Clifford Geertz) was one of the bonuses of qualitative social science.

On to the actual post, I would imagine internet access is much harder for those who are not already tech savvy and/or at least middle class, especially in certain neighborhoods and, as Eszter pointed out, at certain times, such as public holidays when libraries are closed. The “let them use wifi hot spots or iphones” smacks a little much of “let them eat cake.” Most people do who do not have internet also do not have computers, much less laptops (which are relatively more expensive) that they can cart to the library steps, assuming there is even a hotspot within a several mile radius.

Samchevre, I don’t know where you live, but the city I bought my cell phone in (one of the most tech savvy cities in the US, and at the forefront of open access movement), internet access on phones is only available to those willing to shell out some combo of big bucks for the phone and or plan. My free phone barely comes with a camera, much less web access. This was true of any basic phone on a basic plan, and I already pay close to $50 a month.

Finally, there are lots of classist assumptions going on here about the ability to run to your neighborhood Staples/Apple store/local wi fi hotspot to access internet. My experience with economically depressed urban neighborhoods is that that sort of store is pretty much nonexistent (indeed, libraries are also few and far between) and wireless free or otherwise is even less available. To illustrate my point with a trivial anecdote, I currently live in Hyde Park (perhaps the nicest neighborhood in South Side Chicago), and outside of the University, free wi fi does not exist, and the university makes damn sure non-affiliated residents cannot access it (or any other campus amenities). Even Starbucks charges for internet, and you have to BYO computer. Access to free wireless, like other “free” amenities, is concentrated in areas where there are professionals and/or people with political clout and/or people with money to spend on other things that makes it worthwhile for businesses to offer wireless as a perk. If you have an area of concentrated poverty, businesses do not provide extra services that they must pay for but which their clientele can/will not use and city governments either do not have the money or the political will to attend to “nonessentials” (or, often, even essentials). The dearth of ANY sort of services or amenities provided free or at low cost in poor areas helps to exacerbate quality of life differences in a way that is apparently very hard for middle class people to understand.

47

Matthew Ernest 07.08.09 at 3:03 pm

“My sense is that there are better bases upon which to critique the technological divide.”

Actually, the banality of the event makes it a great example since a) it is not just precious to the Interweb elite but is of interest to ordinary humans who may not spend the majority of their waking hours plugged in to a computer, and b) its is not necessarily something that would be obviously connected to the question of the “digital divide”.

48

Eszter Hargittai 07.08.09 at 3:33 pm

Britta, thank you for your thoughtful response with helpful points elaborating on the issues I raised. It reminds me of why it *is* worth blogging.

And Matthew Ernest’s comment is another nice example of how some people really did get the post.

49

Evan 07.08.09 at 3:38 pm

“Evan, I wouldn’t say I was policing you”

I don’t think you are either. That’s why I brought it up.

“I guess I want you to zero in on where exactly Eszter is actually wasting a precious ethical impulse.”

See my earlier comments. You aren’t required to agree with me, but I find that the money, the attention, and the distraction spent on such entertainment events are more central to the Michael Jackson lottery than the actual public mourning of the man. By focusing on the lottery as a point of technological division, I think Eszter deflates her own argument for the ethical seriousness of technological stratification more than she strengthens it. It would be akin to pointing out how a poverty-stricken region has no access to candy bars simply because CNN is running a week-long coverage on candy bar popularity. The lack of that sort of candy bar access may be undeniable, and one may be able to draw analogies to the more general fact of stratification, but it’s questionable how much pointing out the candy bar conundrum contributes to our understanding of the underlying ethical problem of regional poverty.

“And I don’t think she needs to apologise for seizing on a timely if shallow example to illuminate a deeper concern.”

Of course. This should go without saying.

50

Jacob Christensen 07.08.09 at 3:48 pm

I’m not quite sure if this is on- or off-topic but the Swedes are having a discussion about misogyny in the blogoshere right now. Some links (in Swedish, sorry):

http://www.dn.se/kultur-noje/kvinnliga-bloggare-kranks-pa-natet-1.906417 (On offending comments directed at female bloggers)

http://www.dn.se/kultur-noje/debatt-essa/debatt-bloggarna-1.907307 (On the impact of girl-blogs)

Anyway: Try and get in touch with any government or local council agency in Denmark without using the internet these days…

51

Lesley B. 07.08.09 at 3:49 pm

I wonder what portion of that 38% are elderly of any race…. I would imagine that a large percentage are, and rapidly changing technology, and limited income, are barriers to internet access for elderly as well. Not that my parents–los viejos–were interested in MJ…

52

SamChevre 07.08.09 at 3:55 pm

Just for clarity.

Internet access on phones is expensive here in central Virginia. But an internet-capable phone is not; I got a free phone with a 2-year contract, and it’s internet-capable–and I specifically wanted one that wasn’t if it was available.

Most people do who do not have internet also do not have computers, much less laptops (which are relatively more expensive) that they can cart to the library steps, assuming there is even a hotspot within a several mile radius.

This may be true in cities; it is not at all uncommon here to have computers and not internet access, since internet access is limited to dial-up, and even that works more poorly than in an area with better phone lines.

53

ajay 07.08.09 at 4:20 pm

Look, lack of available internet access is a serious issue. There’s a lot of useful information online, and there may well be a growing tendency for people to assume that online=universally available (and so not go to great lengths to publish the same information elsewhere). And writing an article about this is a good thing.
But I have two problems with the OP:
1) it conflated “internet access at home” with “internet access” which I think is not really supportable (yes, it applied in this specific case because it was about one specific event that happened over a weekend, but it doesn’t apply generally)
2) it used a really trivial, unimportant example of something that was only accessible online.

The second point is the most important. It makes the OP actually destructive of its intent: people will read it as “internet access is really important because otherwise people can’t get Michael Jackson tickets!” and dismiss the whole digital divide issue as trivial. It’s like writing an article complaining about the problem of unreliable electricity supplies in some region, and using the example that this means no one can use their electric nose-hair trimmers. Which is I think what my fellow filthy chauvinist, Evan, is trying to say in 49.

Britta in 46: in my experience most poor areas of cities have large immigrant populations and large numbers of internet/phone cafes to allow them to call, Skype and email their relatives back home. I live in one of the poorest (and probably one of the most immigrant-heavy) boroughs in the country and there are (to my knowledge) four of these within 400 yards of my house, plus two libraries with computers providing free internet access.

John and Eszter: it’s noticeable that comments disagreeing with a CT post by a female author tend to lead to the commenter being dismissed as misogynist by site admins. Houston, we have a problem.

54

Evan 07.08.09 at 4:41 pm

John and Eszter: it’s noticeable that comments disagreeing with a CT post by a female author tend to lead to the commenter being dismissed as misogynist by site admins. Houston, we have a problem.

The most unfortunate part about this is that there isn’t really much interaction about the argument itself. Eszter has responded a few times in the comment section, but not to the assertion that Michael Jackson lottery tickets unhelpfully trivialize the point she’s trying to make about technological opportunity- a point that I think everyone here actually agrees with her on, even those who are criticizing the post. Matthew Ernest in 47 gives a good response to the criticisms I make, but Eszter simply responds with the sentiment, “Matthew Ernest’s comment is another nice example of how some people really did get the post,” as if those who happen to disagree with Matthew thus don’t “get” the post. There’s no sense that a simple butting of heads is possible; the disagreement must be explained away by the idea that people just “don’t get it” or by the notion that there is a misogynist undercurrent.

55

ajay 07.08.09 at 5:04 pm

Maybe a controlled experiment? For a month, Eszter posts as John and vice versa. Then we can add up the negative comments and see whether it’s significantly different from the numbers when Eszter posts as herself.

56

Britta 07.08.09 at 5:14 pm

Ok, quick post.

First, Samchevre inner city urban poverty is different than rural poverty (each has their own set of disadvantages), but my guess is if we’re talking about Michael Jackson fans, demographically speaking they would be more concentrated in urban areas. Also, I’m not entirely convinced that those living in rural poverty have easy access to the internet, but I’m don’t really have any data or experience so I’ll leave that rest. It may be true that internet phones bundled with cable are a more economical deal than buying one on its own, but that does not make them cheap, nor is it certain that your plan would be offered in depressed urban area, where companies are well known for ripping off residents of ghettos, especially if they have a monopoly in the area (this has been my experience even in Hyde Park, with both my internet provider and landlord). ajay, while there are poor immigrant urban neighborhoods (which tend to have amenities like internet bars and cheap ethnic grocery stores etc.) there are also large swaths of American urban centers (and, increasingly, suburban areas) that are filled with poor non-immigrants and which are pretty much lacking in any sort of amenity, unless you count pawn shops or fast food outlets.

Finally, Evan, I think part of disagreeing that the digital divide is an issue rests on “not getting it” because anyone who thinks there is no divide is isn’t making a well reasoned argument but is pretty clueless/ blinded by privilege. I am too lazy to look up the link, but there was recently an article published about how being poor actually costs more than being middle class, in terms of expense, because poor people do not have access to amenities considered ubiquitous and universal to even the lower middle class. As a result, they have to shell out more, deal with more hassle and/or travel many miles away for access to services. In some neighborhoods, even a public library is miles and an inconvenient bus ride away. Moreover, as it is assumed that people have internet, things like bus schedules, telephone books, etc. become less and less available, and access to information gets more and more difficult. This is merely logistically, and does not even get to the knowledge barrier of surfing the web if you have never used a computer, or the psychological barriers of being a certain class and probably a certain race and traveling a long distance to an area of town you are unfamiliar with and not welcome in, patronizing an establishment you are also probably not welcome in, and paying money to use a piece of technology (if available) you are unfamiliar with. (i.e., traveling to a neighborhood with wireless and computers available in cafes, etc.).

57

SamChevre 07.08.09 at 5:33 pm

Also, I’m not entirely convinced that those living in rural poverty have easy access to the internet, but I’m don’t really have any data or experience so I’ll leave that rest. It may be true that internet phones bundled with cable are a more economical deal than buying one on its own, but that does not make them cheap.

They don’t, I certainly don’t want to leave that impression. It’s harder, not easier, to get access to the internet in rural areas than urban.

My main point was that “libraries not open” does not need to mean “library-provided internet access not available.” Yes, getting to the library that is a 30-40 minute drive away is not always easy/possible; yes, you need a laptop (although an old cheap laptop from the classifieds–mine cost $175–is relatively affordable); but every little bit helps, and if urban libraries leave wireless routers on while closed, it would help some fraction of people have internet access.

On the phone question–I’m talking about “Mobile Web”, not cable. And it’s a distraction from my main point, which is the libraries.

58

Witt 07.08.09 at 5:42 pm

Britta is making a lot of great points. I second this one especially:

nor is it certain that your plan would be offered in depressed urban area, where companies are well known for ripping off residents of ghettos, especially if they have a monopoly in the area

A couple of months ago, the wireless company using the “Respekt” campaign kicked off in my city. (I’m not giving the company any more free advertising here, but it’s easy to Google if you’re curious) Overnight, their awnings and ads sprouted all over. I spotted them in at least five geographically-distinct poor neighborhoods. Next thing I know, we’re hearing that the police (!) hate them, because consumers are so angry about being ripped off by the fees and surcharges that police are spending significant time handling disputes.

while there are poor immigrant urban neighborhoods (which tend to have amenities like internet bars and cheap ethnic grocery stores etc.) there are also large swaths of American urban centers (and, increasingly, suburban areas) that are filled with poor non-immigrants and which are pretty much lacking in any sort of amenity

Right. And around here, libraries are having hours cut significantly, and entire branches clothes, due to the city budget crisis.

As for this objection to the original post: 1) it conflated “internet access at home” with “internet access” which I think is not really supportable (yes, it applied in this specific case because it was about one specific event that happened over a weekend, but it doesn’t apply generally)

I disagree. Not having home internet access imposes significant surcharges in terms of your time, energy, and money. It’s quite possible to engage in work-arounds such as calling a friend or family member, traveling to a library or Internet cafe, etc. But those things COST you, in time and energy and money. They’re not neutral, and they add up significantly over time. I was without home Internet access for several months last fall due to phone company screwups, and it seriously affected my work life and ability to manage household issues.

Another example: I just got a call from a headhunter looking for an entry-level customer service position. You had to be available for a “webinar” on a Monday night at 6 p.m. to be able to submit your resume. Now imagine you’ve got three young kids. If you don’t have Internet access at home, you either have to get a babysitter or tote them across town with you to the library (if it’s open) a friend’s house (if it’s reachable by public transportation that is safe to take your kids on after dark).

I have one more observation but will save it for another comment, as this one is long already.

59

Witt 07.08.09 at 5:43 pm

Goodness, I meant “entire branches closed.” Sorry about that.

60

jacob 07.08.09 at 5:48 pm

Access to the Michael Jackson lottery is only trivial if you think that culture is trivial. Is it less important than access to job information, or health information, or the various other things that not having access to the internet deprives people of. But just because you think that Michael Jackson is trivial and that mourning his death is silly does not make it so for everyone. The CBC carried an interview the other day with a journalist with a Watts community newspaper who described how the entire neighborhood was outside, mourning Jackson, how streets were lined with stalls doing land-office business selling commemorative memorabilia. For those people, Jackson’s death was manifestly not trivial. That makes their systemic exclusion from the memorial service lottery not trivial. It makes the lottery just one more thing in life that, if you’re poor and black, you’re not welcome at, like supermarkets, stores, and suburbia. But it’s worse, because it serves to take away something where poor blacks were (and thought they were) welcome–the Michael Jackson phenomenon.

61

novakant 07.08.09 at 5:48 pm

It may be true that internet phones bundled with cable are a more economical deal than buying one on its own, but that does not make them cheap
(…)
the knowledge barrier of surfing the web if you have never used a computer, or the psychological barriers of being a certain class and probably a certain race and traveling a long distance to an area of town you are unfamiliar with and not welcome in, patronizing an establishment you are also probably not welcome in, and paying money to use a piece of technology

My whole point was that mobile phones are already bridging the digital divide in that they provide people with out of the box internet access that doesn’t require the use of stationary devices. You buy a phone and you have internet – no need for computers, cable subscription or travelling anywhere. Now maybe the US is lagging behind in that development a little, as it does in broadband coverage, but it surely is going to be the future, because all that is needed for basic internet access is the mobile network which is already there and anybody who can make a call or send a text is able to navigate with a web browser. Most lower income people have mobile phones already, just like they have TVs, so it’s only a matter of time.

62

Barbar 07.08.09 at 5:53 pm

Estzer obviously thought that using the Michael Jackson memorial tickets example was a great hook for a post on how internet access is assumed to be universal but truly isn’t.

In my opinion, she’s wrong: using the MJ memorial example is a great way to trivialize the issue by highlighting a truly negligible cost of the misleading rhetoric. It’s hard to know where to start: the significance of the event, the fact that 1% of the fans who registered won tickets, the fact that one would have to travel to Los Angeles to attend.

But you ask: why do I bother to bring up these points? Is it because there’s currently a relevant debate in the comments, or is it because I’m a sexist pig? The question answers itself. Oink oink.

63

Evan 07.08.09 at 5:57 pm

“Finally, Evan, I think part of disagreeing that the digital divide is an issue rests on “not getting it” because anyone who thinks there is no divide is isn’t making a well reasoned argument but is pretty clueless/ blinded by privilege.”

Britta, as I said in #53, my disagreement isn’t over whether the digital divide exists or is an issue. In fact my first response to Eszter assumed that there was one- from #5, “My sense is that there are better bases upon which to critique the technological divide. “

So if I “get” this, the question remains about what I’m not “getting”. Or, as I said in #53, maybe the OP and I both “get” what she’s trying to say, and we simply disagree about it. My argument deserves more than a dismissal on the premise of my missing the point, and Eszter’s argument deserves more than immunity to my critique simply because I don’t “get it” or because she’s a she and I for some reason am being reactive against that.

64

Witt 07.08.09 at 6:13 pm

There seems to be a similar objection to both Eszter’s post about Internet access and Salient’s observation about the frequency of “You shouldn’t have posted this” complaints towards female bloggers.

The objection is, essentially, “This is just an isolated incident.” In Eszter’s case, it’s just Michael Jackson’s funeral, and thus a frivolous or somehow inappropriate lens for examining the digital divide. In Salient’s case, it’s just a handful of comments to a single post by a single blogger, and thus illegitimate evidence for a larger trend.

Both objections are missing the point, in my opinion. These are systemic problems. Neither the digital divide nor the discreditization/marginalization of women bloggers is made up of any one particular incident. They are patterns, which have powerful implications over time.

65

Barbar 07.08.09 at 6:30 pm

The objection is, essentially, “This is just an isolated incident.”

This seems like a truly terrible misreading. The objection to the MJ example is that it’s a bad example, not that it doesn’t generalize. The objection to the “you only say that because you’re sexist” argument is that it’s wrong, not that sexism doesn’t exist in general.

Eszter must have thought that the MJ example was a clever hook. And the hook does get attention, just not the right type of attention.

66

Evan 07.08.09 at 6:30 pm

“Both objections are missing the point, in my opinion. These are systemic problems. Neither the digital divide nor the discreditization/marginalization of women bloggers is made up of any one particular incident. They are patterns, which have powerful implications over time.”

Witt, that may be the case, but John in #22 asked for specific responses from posters on what motivated them to object. Eszter in #33 referred to peoples’ “borderline trollish behavior” and said that she wasn’t convinced that it’s worth addressing these people.

How can you fault someone’s incidental objection when two site admins are speaking to the issue, dismissing comments, and soliciting an “inquiry” (!!) on an individual level?! What other sorts of responses would you expect?

There’s a strong sense of “damned if you do, damned if you don’t” to all of this. Why did John bother asking about our motivations in the first place if explaining them is just going to receive accusations that we’re missing the forest for the trees?

67

melissa 07.08.09 at 6:42 pm

Ok, if anyone is still reading. Let’s consider four issues that have emerged here:

EH’s post seems to be misunderstood—or objected to—on two grounds: 1) That Michael Jackson hoopla is trivia and 2) That she’s wrong or misinformed about internet access.
1) The post seems pretty clear: the hoopla is an opportunity to comment on the great public misunderstanding of the digital divide. EH and others have explained this. Anyone who can’t get that point strikes me as hopeless and we should just ignore them & move on.
2) The digital divide and related issues are EH’s specialty, the subject of her research. Anyone reading CT for awhile knows this. The number of responses saying that she’s is wrong, that “I see teenagers on busses,” etc. seem to disproportionate to such responses when Harry writes on Education or John on Economics. It’s my impression that anecdotes then are often presented to Harry or John for comment; that disagreement often cites some reading or talk or even impression in an attempt to further the discussion. Even spirited disagreement pays attention to the content and expertise of the original writer. (of course, irrelevant or purely contentious comments appear, but in small enough numbers to not disrupt—otherwise we would all give up on CT).
The lack of respect for the EH’s knowledge—the absence of curiosity about what she could help us understand from the specialty—may be due to many things, including UFOs. However I would attribute it to two factors:
(3) We are savvy internet users reading an academic blog; we are happy with our understanding of how the digital world has opened up for us; we don’t want to focus on the “have nots,” which erode our pleasure and sense of a changing world.
(4) EH is female. I think this is a factor. I have noticed it before with belle and Ingrid, but Maria is treated the worst. It is amazing that she stays with us. Until someone undertakes an analysis, categorizing and counting postings and responses, could we just entertain this notion when we respond to male and female posts?

68

Witt 07.08.09 at 6:46 pm

My sense is that there are better bases upon which to critique the technological divide.

I understand your point that there are less pop-culture-centric hooks that could have been used, but I think the claim of “better” is quite subjective.

Interestingly enough, though, many other bases for critique have indeed been reviewed at this blog and by this very blogger. Just for kicks, I went back and culled a few of Eszter’s past posts on related topics. They include:

Asking CT readers to participate in surveys about Internet use

Alerting readers to Pew Internet & American Life survey data

Exploring access issues due to purposeful blocking of websites in different countries.

Reviewing a book that explores digital-divide issues.

Sharing her own research on patterns and issues in Internet use.

And finally, illuminating the challenges and opportunities for federal policymakers in supporting Internet access and literacy for all.

69

Barbar 07.08.09 at 7:02 pm

So:

1. The MJ example is silly but illustrative, and everyone gets this (for example #66)
2. The MJ example is actually profound and important (for example #59)
3. The MJ example is only being criticized because of sexism (for example #13)

Great setup for a revolving door of pointless arguments.

70

Witt 07.08.09 at 7:13 pm

The objection to the MJ example is that it’s a bad example, not that it doesn’t generalize.

Perhaps this is semantics, but to me, if the MJ example generalizes, then it’s a good (enough) example.

Evan, I understand your sense of contradiction in being asked to explain yourself and criticized for doing so. However, my point was merely that your very first comment at #5 is part of a larger pattern.

It’s not about whether the substance of your complaint was valid (which it may or may not be; this is the Internet and we can debate all day), it’s about how the fact that you made the complaint at all speaks to larger patterns in communication.

A police officer can stop a car for having an unsafe visual distraction. But if every day, every officer, every traffic stop, the cars stopped for “unsafe visual distractions” are disproportionately sporting non-U.S. flags from their review mirrors rather than a pair of fuzzy dice, a larger pattern is going to emerge. Regardless of the legitimacy of any individual stop.

71

jacob 07.08.09 at 7:25 pm

Without wishing at all to distract from the main thrust of Melissa’s point at 66, I might add another reason that Eszter’s expertise is often dismissed, which is that this is true of sociologists generally. The soc grad students at my university once printed up t-shirts with the slogan “explaining the obvious since 1895” (or some such date). My experience spending time with sociologists (I am not one, but my partner is) is that everyone imagines themselves an expert on sociology, based on the anecdotes of their everyday lives. (Of course, in the prior sentence I am doing precisely the same thing.) Sociology is a relatively feminized discipline, and I’m sure the prevalence of women in soc departments contributes to this rejection of their expertise. Kieran’s posting patterns are very different from Eszter’s–he does not as frequently post about his current research, I don’t think–so I’m not sure if we can draw a comparison. That said, the fact that Eszter is, as Melissa rightly says, frequently treated in the same dismissive way as Belle, Ingrid, and especially Maria points to gender as the primary factor in this phenomenon.

72

Evan 07.08.09 at 8:01 pm

I understand your point that there are less pop-culture-centric hooks that could have been used, but I think the claim of “better” is quite subjective. [Witt, #67]

Yes. But I’m concerned that you say this as if it’s a bad thing.

Perhaps this is semantics, but to me, if the MJ example generalizes, then it’s a good (enough) example. [Witt, 69]

In the bare sense that it is an example of a digital divide, sure. But when we start talking about conjuring up discourse to unsettle popular assumptions about systematic exclusions of millions of Americans from technology dependent opportunity, I think a “good” example needs to do more than merely generalize. It needs to convey a sense of the divide, of the opportunity, and of the exclusivity. It needs to offer a compelling case for the stakes. The “quite subjective” assessment of Eszter’s post was the appropriate one, considering what she was discussing.

Her new post on MySpace/Facebook usage is much less subjective and much more data driven. Probably won’t garner the same sort of critique.

73

ingrid robeyns 07.08.09 at 8:06 pm

I haven’t read this entire thread since I organised a big conference ten days ago and am still recovering from that and trying to catch up with many overdue commitments. So I will only make one comment and then disappear again:

Melissa writes:
(4) EH is female. I think this is a factor. I have noticed it before with belle and Ingrid, but Maria is treated the worst. It is amazing that she stays with us. Until someone undertakes an analysis, categorizing and counting postings and responses, could we just entertain this notion when we respond to male and female posts?

I have thought a while ago that someone must do this. There is enough material out there, and there are enough gender scholars who specialise in analysing media and written material. I would not at all be surprised if the outcome would be that the female bloggers on CT are indeed treated differently, and responded to in a much more dismissive style, than our male Timberites. In fact, I have myself been a few times appalled by the reactions that I got on a piece, reactions that I perceived as completely out of proportion, mean spirited, aggressive, and based on the most uncharitable reading possible. A few times other timberites have defended me, since the accusations were so mean. Of course, it is impossible to say wihtout a careful study whether the factor is the gender of the blogger, or some other aspect (I have played with the idea that in my case not having English as a native language may play a role too, since it sometimes hampers me in being subtle in the words that I choose when writing, and that’s picked upon too.) But since I happen to have written a PhD on gender inequality, I also happen to know enough of the scientific evidence of the workings of gender (gender norms, stereotyping, unintentional and unconscious sexism, etc.) to know that it must be quite a miracle that the gendered features of society at large would not play a role on this blog. Rather, the anonimity that most of our readers take makes it easier to not self-controle on subtle sexism.
The result is that when I got into severe time pressure a few months back, one of the easiest things to drop from my overloaded agenda was Blogging. If you are treated with disrespect, and if Blogging becomes an emotional drain, why invest scarce time in it? ANd so the female bloggers leave (or post less frequently), which adds to the male dominated blogosphere. Et voila.

One of the things that keeps me going (apart form the immense power of blogging) is the nice, civilised, supportive, informed comments that we get of another part of our readership. And if the nicknames that people use are to reveal anything about the gender of hte person behing it, then I am glad we have all these female (and feminist (m/f)) readers. Thanks for being here and for speaking up.

74

novakant 07.08.09 at 8:50 pm

I have questioned all sorts of claims by all sorts of people here over the years and I don’t care if they’re male, female or green aliens with antennae. I’m not a sexist, thank you very much, and I resent being called one for no good reason – but, hey, whatever.

Back on topic:

Daily access to the mobile Web has more than doubled in a year. In January 2008, 10.8 million people accessed the Web through mobile phones daily; the rate increased 107 percent to 22.4 million in January 2009. Weekly access didn’t quite double, jumping from 10.3 million in January 2008 to 19.3 million in 2009, an 89 percent increase. Those who used the mobile Web on a monthly basis numbered 36.9 million in 2008 and 63.2 million in 2009, a 71 percent jump.

In the face of such numbers it’s a fair question to ask if a study is based on home internet access alone and unfortunately I didn’t get a very informative answer.

75

Public Strategist 07.08.09 at 9:35 pm

Zamfir @ 37 asks:

OK, to get back on topic, what are the main drivers here? Is it purely money? A cheap computer and cheap internet access are probably within reach of a lot of the people without, but only if they can be sure before buying that they will be able to make good use of it.

I am not familiar with the US data, but research just published in the UK (salient points summarised here) shows that those without home internet access split into two broad groups – a slightly larger one who feel they don’t want or need internet access, and a slightly smaller one for whom the barrier is financial.

76

jacob 07.08.09 at 10:20 pm

The statistics Novakant provides in 74 don’t specify whether the mobile web users are people for whom that is their primary way of accessing the internet, whether it is their only way of accessing the internet, or whether the growth of mobile web usage comes from an increase in web usage or users generally or a shift in locations. (I skimmed the article Novakant linked to but didn’t see it; apologies if I missed it.) I don’t know, but my guess is that this growth mostly represents a growth in smartphones, and that smartphone users are people who have access to the web in other places, and people with much surplus money. In other words, I suspect (but again, I emphasize that I don’t know) that the touted growth in mobile web usage is not an increase in the numbers of web users. If I’m right, the growth in mobile web usage wouldn’t have any affect on the digital divide.

77

jacob 07.08.09 at 10:27 pm

Okay, I just went back and read the article more closely, and it argues that the growth in mobile web usage is more than just an iPhone or even smartphone phenomenon, though it is rather unclear about just what type of phones people are using. At one point the expert quoted says “70 percent of those accessing mobile Internet content are using feature phones,” and the article indicates that “The devices are subsidized and are available for low costs,” though without defining “low costs.” In the next paragraph, however the same expert is quoted as saying, “It’s moved from just being the province of the highest-end smartphone to what we would call high-volume, high-end feature phones.” So if it’s only “high-end feature phones,” my initial surmise –that the growth in mobile web usage comes from the high end of mobile phone users–still stands. Moreover, the article doesn’t answer whether these new mobile web users had internet access before, and I would still guess that they did.

78

John Quiggin 07.08.09 at 10:35 pm

For the record, I didn’t feel that Novakant’s comments were unreasonable in any way. By contrast, there’s Evil is Evil #18, which was in moderation (probably now all the numbers are wrong). Between the two, there are a range of comments that strike me as problematic.

It is in the nature of systemic problems of bias that there are no sharp lines. My experience at CT convinces me there is a systemic problem, and commenters might want to reflect on this before posting rather than assuming that they are not part of the problem.

79

Salient 07.08.09 at 11:31 pm

Excuse me?!? How was my comment sexist? I was asking a question and making a point regarding internet usage on mobile devices. Please explain.

novakant – I agree you’re right to call me on this, and I apologize. Including you in the list was completely an error on my part. The inclusion was unwarranted and unfair, and I retract it. (Frankly, my entire response to bianca’s comment is far more muddled than I’d like it to be, let me retract the whole thing.)

Also, as what I’m planning to be a last thought on this topic from me, in my original comment I wasn’t trying to provoke hostility (though I should’ve seen that my comment was unnecessarily provocative and I should’ve rephrased it to minimize that). I was trying to (1) encourage people who feel like challenging a post’s right to exist to think twice about that impulse, and (2) point out that such impulses seem to disproportionately show up in comments on female author’s posts, which to me suggests at least the potential for sexism, in some kind of aggregate sense.

Anyhow, I was going to make a more on-topic contribution as well:

My parents don’t have Internet access except through a library (one library for the county, which is closed four days a week). At one school where I used to teach, over half the kids didn’t have internet access outside of school (which implies their parents didn’t have access at all).

I think people in cities overestimate the access people outside of cities have to wi-fi hotspots, Staples, libraries that are actually open in the evenings/weekends, et cetera. Libraries in particular are basically closed to you unless you work 3rd shift at the steel plant.

Rural communities in my region do not have widespread access to the Internet. Not by phone or by library or by any reasonable means. Most of the school-age kids are savvy enough to obtain access at school — until they get permanently banned for doing stupid high school kid stuff (visiting Facebook by proxy server, visiting a pornographic site, etc).

80

ajay 07.09.09 at 8:47 am

79: Just out of curiosity, I actually went through the six EH posts linked in 68 and counted how many of the comments were negative or critical of the original post. There were only three out of 68 – (plus several more on two of the posts pointing out errors in EH’s poll design and coding, which I don’t think should be counted).

Of these three definitely negative comments, one was left by Salient (who is, I assume, female) and two were left by that unreconstructed bastion of the patriarchy, John Quiggin.

By way of a comparison, I went through five recent posts by Henry. Of 148 comments, 11 were negative or critical about the original post; of these, seven were left by men, three by women and one by a commenter of unknown gender.

Any comments?

81

Salient 07.09.09 at 10:31 am

Any comments?

Jock Bowden #1, Peter S #5, mpowell #15, b9n10t #23, qb #30, PGD #33, Mitchell Rowe at #41, and so on.

“Negativity” isn’t what I’m on about. It seems to be perfectly fine to be critical of points raised in the original post; incisive criticism of specific arguments can be a contribution to the discussion. I think PGD at #33 exemplified what-I’m-on-about quite explicitly: “Much ado about not much here.” Actually, Mitchell Rowe at #41 on that thread expressed exactly what I’ve been on about: “Belle, don’t you have anything better to do?”

82

ajay 07.09.09 at 11:23 am

OK, Salient, that’s one example. And a lot of those comments, I would say, count as being “critical of points raised in the original post” which you say is OK, rather than questioning the importance of a topic.
Any others? Because you suggested that comments challenging a post’s right to exist show up disproportionately often on posts by female authors, so you need to show more than one data point.

(Of the six posts I reviewed, the only comment suggesting that the post shouldn’t be up was the dismissive “Eszter, the data you link to is only a one-month comparison and looks noisy” from John Quiggin.)

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mpowell 07.09.09 at 12:21 pm

Well, I guess this was the wrong thread to comment in and then absent-mindedly drop since a post of mine contributed to a significant discussion and I feel like I should explain myself.

I think there is not a clear line between criticizing the content of the post and challenging the post’s right to exist. I am more or less aware of EH’s work in studying internet usage habits, much of which I find interesting, but I’m not convinced it makes sense for researchers to flag this digital divide as a social justice to be remedied. And the vacuousness of the particular example (although perfectly valid in terms of examining the claim presented!) underlines my point. So in some sense I’m criticizing the post’s existence because I don’t think that this line of research has produced results that suggest any action. But you could go back to the thread’s on Cohen and rescuing justice from Rawls, and I was similarly critical, especially initially, along with many other commenters about the significance or value of Cohen’s inquiry. I really don’t think its gender motivated, at least for me.

I am open to arguments about whether the digital divide is something that should be rectified as a tool to reduce social inequality or whether there are far better levers to reduce social inequality that will eventually close the digital divide. Right now I come down for the latter. But even given that, I am still interested in posts that document this digital divide and discuss its sources and its manifestation. I left my comment as a way of observing that I didn’t feel that this was the kind of evidence that led to a policy-actionable level of concern. But maybe that’s not entirely appropriate. If there is a tendency for female posters to draw more hostile, dismissive comments, I’ll make an effort to be more cognizant of the overall tone my posts are contributing to create and leave more space for discussion of the issue at hand before jumping immediately to a concluding view.

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bianca steele 07.09.09 at 1:03 pm

@80: Seven were left by commenters using male sounding names.

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Salient 07.09.09 at 1:25 pm

I really don’t think its gender motivated, at least for me.

To be clearer than I was: I don’t think it’s gender motivated for anybody.

My point was something more like, “Actions that seem individually rational, on the aggregate, are producing a negative result, which seems to disproportionately occur on posts by female authors.”

mpowell, I think (based on the last paragraph of your post) you get exactly what I’ve been clumsily trying to say about the aggregate effect. For anyone who’s not sure, I’ll try an analogy:

It’s kind of like housing loans. A group of banks may offer or decline loans to people in such a way that each individual decision, like each individual comment, is rational and justified. But the net effect of this behavior can be very problematic, even when each individually rational action seems sensible and perfectly justifiable.

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Salient 07.09.09 at 1:31 pm

ajay, perhaps I should, except I hadn’t intended to get myself so directly involved in any such thing. I’d meant to comment on another data point in a trend that was observed in a different thread, by Kathleen and I and others. It wasn’t meant to engulf this thread, a consequence which I regret :-/

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ajay 07.09.09 at 2:27 pm

86: but I don’t think there is such a trend. There is one data point.

And there are two reasons that I jumped on the assertion that there was: first, you accused me of being part of it, which offended me; and second, I think that spreading the myth that there is such a trend will be very bad for the general tone of debate. Female commenters won’t want to comment, because they’ll be afraid of being denigrated by men. Female posters will ignore legitimate criticism, because they’ll just dismiss it as sexism – exactly as you and EH did above – or they simply won’t post at all. Well-meaning male commenters won’t want to criticise posts by women, for exactly that reason.

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ajay 07.09.09 at 2:29 pm

84: who chose to present themselves as male, and I respect that choice.

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bianca steele 07.09.09 at 5:48 pm

ajay,
I am not suggesting the desirability of “outing” anyone who does not want to reveal any personal information, or anyone who is being intentionally deceptive about personal information, whatever the information may be. Of course I respect their choice to attempt to participate in online discussions without also challenging gender roles, and I’m sure they respect my choice to participate under a pseudonym of my own gender whether or not I do challenge gender roles. That holds whatever their reasons (or mine) might be.

On the other hand, you were the one who took an informal poll based on the presumed gender of different participants, in a comment thread to a post about differential accesses to the Internet. Salient mentioned the gender only of the OPers. If there are no female names in the discussion, this is evidence that there are no women participating, I think, and evidence that the behavior that does appear is perpetrated by males.

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Barbar 07.09.09 at 10:11 pm

Asking a woman “Don’t you have anything better to do?” doesn’t make you a sexist.

It is true that it can be quite difficult to prove that sexism exists. But if I needed to highlight a pattern of sexism, I would make use of attacks on Sonia Sotomayor’s intelligence before I brought up attacks on Sarah Palin’s intelligence, if you know what I mean.

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Salient 07.09.09 at 10:19 pm

Asking a woman “Don’t you have anything better to do?” doesn’t make you a sexist.

Yes, and denying a poor black couple a car loan because neither partner has sufficiently satisfactory job security to guarantee repayment isn’t racist. I agree.

But as I’ve said, many times now, individually rational actions can result in systematically disproportionate outcomes.

And, unlike the car loan analogy, there’s absolutely no “cost” to CT commenters second-guessing themselves if they’re feeling the need to dismissively challenge a post’s right to exist, and rephrasing or rethinking that choice.

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Barbar 07.09.09 at 10:25 pm

Well that’s a really great point Salient.

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Eszter Hargittai 07.09.09 at 11:31 pm

ajay, I should add that some of the most obnoxious comments no longer show up, because we delete some of them, so you won’t find all of the examples on the site. This is in line with our published comment policy. I’ve received some very harsh words here over the years (I’ve been blogging here for almost six years, seven years elsewhere, I have lots of experiences by now). If the nasty comments come from an anonymous commenter and have nothing to do with the post other than either dismissing its mere existence or dismissing me personally without any substantive contribution to the discussion, the comment goes.

If you want an example of my taking seriously comments by those who disagree with me or criticize my writing, head on over to my next post and read the comments there. The overall tone of that thread is very different. People engaged with the material and shared their thoughts on it. I then engaged with their comments and responded in kind.

Certain things I haven’t taken on in this thread, because I thought others did a great job, in some cases better than I would have done. A case in point is Salient regarding the gender topic on this thread. Salient’s offered what I think are some very helpful points in explaining the issues.

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Jon H 07.10.09 at 1:26 am

“but the rhetoric suggesting that anyone could enter the contest is problematic and perpetuates assumptions about how universal Internet use is in this country.”

Um, did tickets to the memorial include free transportation? From anywhere?

If not, it seems like the rhetoric glossed over countless personal situations that could prevent a person from attending, lack of internet access being only one of them – and it’s probably the easiest obstacle to overcome.

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Barbar 07.10.09 at 2:42 am

If you want an example of my taking seriously comments by those who disagree with me or criticize my writing, head on over to my next post and read the comments there.

One difference between this thread and the next is that the other thread isn’t about an online lottery for tickets to the Michael Jackson memorial service. Another likely potential difference is that the sexist internet commenters drawn to this thread don’t know how to click over to the other thread and leave sexist comments there, but I don’t know how to establish that as a fact.

If not, it seems like the rhetoric glossed over countless personal situations that could prevent a person from attending, lack of internet access being only one of them – and it’s probably the easiest obstacle to overcome.

I dunno, I think it’s a reasonable to ask why people haven’t drawn attention to the plight of poor people in, say, Oklahoma who, because of their lack of internet access, missed a chance to register for a lottery in which they would have faced 100-1 odds to win tickets to a Tuesday morning memorial service in Los Angeles CA.

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ajay 07.10.09 at 8:02 am

If there are no female names in the discussion, this is evidence that there are no women participating, I think, and evidence that the behavior that does appear is perpetrated by males.

Yes, you’re right, because surely no woman would ever comment under a male or non-gendered pseudonym. Such a thing has never been heard of on the Internet.

Anyway, the point isn’t the gender of the commenters – the point is “do female posters attract more dismissive comments than male ones” and the evidence so far, from the only person who’s actually bothered to do any research, is “no, they don’t”. Though, as EH has helpfully pointed out, there’s no way of actually proving or disproving it either way, so this whole thing is a waste of time.

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