Dentists and Orthodonists

by Harry on June 1, 2007

We had a scare last year; our eldest was warned that she might need very expensive orthodondistry in order to be able to be a fully-paid up participant in the ideology of perfect teeth. We had a narrow escape — or, at least, a stay of execution, as she is only to be monitored for the next year or so. But at some point the fight will loom; do we spend a fortune on something that we’ll be told is medically valuable by someone whose living is made by contributing to wasteful positional competition. If only everyone had imperfect looking teeth, no-one would care.

But dentists really do matter.
As Anne Alstott reminds us, a large swathe of American children never see an orthodontist, because they never get to see the dentist who might refer them, and with tragic results:

Earlier this year, Deamonte Driver, a 12-year-old boy living in Maryland, died after he got a tooth infection that led to a brain infection. Deamonte had never had routine dental care.The problem wasn’t that he was among America’s 47 million uninsured. He was covered by Medicaid, the federal health-insurance program for the poor, which includes dental care for kids. But Medicaid reimbursement rates for dentists in Maryland—as in many states—are set at such low rates that few dentists accept Medicaid patients.

Driver’s tragedy is only the most extreme consequence of poor access to dentists. Ask any teacher in an elementary school with lots of low income kids, and she’ll tell you stories of kids in prolonged and sometimes intense pain during the schoolday; public money being thrown away on teaching kids who can’t concentrate because they don’t get proper dental care. Anyway,
read the whole thing.

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Crooked Timber » » Heterodontics
06.06.07 at 10:18 am

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1

Jim S. 06.01.07 at 5:38 pm

Tragic, indeed, but isn’t this the ultimate result of “help the poor and only the poor, not even the working class” social policies of the 60’s and 70’s. These ideas were shared by LBJ and the New Left ( of which Madison, Wis., was and is a hotbed) alike. Would not things have been better, for the poor as well as everybody else, if back then a universal welfare state and mixed economy been established? One would think so.

P.S. It is not only difficult for the poor to get dental care. Many middle-income people have great problems as well, unless you are on a plan-and sometimes even when you have one.

2

Mike Otsuka 06.01.07 at 5:47 pm

If only everyone had imperfect looking teeth…

Or if only out of the crooked timber of humanity, no straight thing was ever made…

3

fred lapides 06.01.07 at 6:00 pm

Look! I am not going to blame this or that political party. The real problem in part is that going to a dentist on a fairly regular basis is an elective visit, and as such, those without the resources tend to skip dental visits…and then, later, of course, the problems that have built up begin to kick in and serious dental work is needed. If your teeth don’t bother you, why spend money to have them looked at? etc

4

tom brandt 06.01.07 at 6:01 pm

Under-financing of dentistry in public health is a problem in Britain as well, although no deaths are mentioned in this particular article.

5

Sebastian holsclaw 06.01.07 at 6:55 pm

“But Medicaid reimbursement rates for dentists in Maryland—as in many states—are set at such low rates that few dentists accept Medicaid patients.”

This is part of my worry about government funding in health care in general. If you price below market, you get shortages because people don’t like to lose money when they work. This created an informal rationing effect. Formal or informal, rationing seems likely under any currently discussed model of US healthcare.

6

abb1 06.01.07 at 7:33 pm

But there’s always rationing; it’s just a matter of how the resource is distributed. And the way it’s distributed also affects the ‘market price’, if such a thing can even be defined for healthcare services. How much would the parents of a 12-year-old pay to save his life?

Also: what Jim S said.

7

mpowell 06.01.07 at 8:01 pm

As an American, it is difficult to get over the average dental quality of the English. I’ll grant you that straight teeth are not as important as dentists make it out to be over here. But there is one advantage. When you take pride in the appearance of your teeth, it is much easier to get people to adopt regular cleaning habits. Its anecdotal of course, but it seems to me the difference there b/w Americans and the English is still quite noticeable, and that is important.

8

Keith M Ellis 06.01.07 at 8:25 pm

I knew a woman who is a special education teacher for profoundly disabled children, mostly on the autistic spectrum. All of these kids are on Medicaid. Dental problems are especially common because it can really be difficult to care for some of these kids teeth. For example, my young cousin, who is autistic, would not tolerate anything done to her teeth whatsoever, including any brushing. So back to this teacher: she had a number of kids with bad dental problems. However, one student in particular had so many toothaches that he wasn’t eating at all. The mother said that she couldn’t find a dentist. So the teacher and her colleague (the other special-ed teacher) canvassed all the dentists in the area. No dentists would take the child because they wouldn’t accept Medicare. Finally, the two teachers contacted a local radio station and organized a fund-drive to pay for the child’s immediate dental care. Sad, but true.

9

otto 06.01.07 at 8:53 pm

You could move to the UK or Ireland and save those orthodontia expenditures.

10

Wade 06.01.07 at 9:19 pm

Just take her to Thailand on holiday.

11

Gene O'Grady 06.01.07 at 9:24 pm

I don’t look back with fondness on orthodontia bills, but in retrospect it was helpful for my daughter (who knows how much peer influence contributed to that?). I’m sure all of us parents have been pressured here and there to undertake expenses that are lot less useful than orthodontia typically is.

And isn’t dentistry a profession in trouble for a variety of reasons, most of which probably have nothing to do with the government?

12

otto 06.01.07 at 10:20 pm

Without orthodontia, blogging.
With orthodontia, bloggingheads!

(Tho’ not all of them are beauties, IMHO)

13

mollymooly 06.01.07 at 10:48 pm

Americans have the stereotype that British teeth are awful. Are they really any worse that other Europeans’ teeth? I reckon it’s a hangover from the days of cheap sugar from the West Indies, just as the Dirty Frenchman has been banished by improvements in urban plumbing there since the 60s. Really it’s the Americans who are the outliers with their legions of middle-schoolers wearing braces, and adults whose gleaming gnashers would elsewhere be suspected of being fake. Which they sort-of are. How long before cheek implants and botox are included in the medical plans of better-off Americans?

14

Britta 06.01.07 at 11:14 pm

I went to an elementary school where roughly 80% of students were below the poverty level. We had to take a fluoride capsule every morning as we entered the classroom, and the teacher gave out toothbrushes at the beginning of the school year. Also, once a year we took a ‘field trip’ to the dental school, where we got a free check-up. In third grade, dental students set up a clinic at our school and gave all 2nd and 3rd graders sealants on our molars to prevent cavities. All this (among other sucessful policies) was the work of our incredibly far-sighted principle. Not surprisingly, despite the relative disadvantage of the student population we were one of the better performing elementary schools in the area.

15

Jon 06.02.07 at 1:29 am

Good luck with the potentially expensive teeth! I was given orthodontia, but I hated it so much that I rarely wore the stuff that I needed be wearing to make more than a little progress.

Of course, that basic dental care (Jim S, link please on your contrary allegation?) is pretty-well supported by most current private insurance. Which is why I think the poor’d be better off if we gave them money to find their own insurance, and give individuals the special treatment now given to companies for inrurance policies with prior conditions.

There’s another problem with Medicare and Medicaid that’s not so obvious: its reporting requirements are long, incomprehensible, and contradictory even to professionals. That exacts a high hidden cost.

I did some work on a medical application once. One of its big selling points was being able to generate Medicare/aid – style filings. It took a LOT of long work to make even part of that work.

And, ABB, it’s not a rationing question. Trust me, Medicare and Medicaid of MD certainly have plenty of money, enough, indeed, say to pay for private dental insurance for everybody enrolled. No, the problem is that monopoly has allowed bad performance. They probably pay too little for even the doctor’s time, and require very high amounts of office labor overhead for claims (good luck getting THAT reimbursed!).

16

Keith M Ellis 06.02.07 at 3:40 am

Medicare doesn’t include dental.

17

Bill Gardner 06.02.07 at 4:03 am

“dentists really do matter”

You bet. For example, there is a recognized association between dental infections and atherosclerosis. The explanation, perhaps, is that chronic activation of the immune system (from the infections) promotes the formation of arterial plaque. So please floss for your heart’s sake.

Dentistry is one of those apparently simple and widely undervalued things which, if done well, would prevent illness and alleviate suffering. (But like primary care, doing it well isn’t so simple.) The glamour (and money) in health research, however, often descends upon things with no current recognized therapeutic application (e.g., 99% of genomics).

18

bi 06.02.07 at 5:17 am

(Totally off-topic, but it looks like Crooked Timber’s web pages have been compromised by porn link spammers. The links are at the bottom of the page; they may not show up on browsers due to CSS magic, but search engines will see them.)

19

John Quiggin 06.02.07 at 7:23 am

The Howard government in Australia, under severe pressure, just restored funding for dental services, having dumped this on the states ten years ago. The accidental fact that dentistry is a separate profession seems to contribute to a view that it’s an optional extra in health policy.

20

abb1 06.02.07 at 7:53 am

They probably pay too little for even the doctor’s time

What does it mean exactly, how little is too little? It seems that you’re implying some absolute threshold here – or are you simply saying that private insurances pay more?

As far as the paperwork goes, I don’t know but I seriously doubt that the medicate requires more paperwork than most private insurances; on the contrary, it has an important advantage of having one standard set of forms, as opposed to a bunch of different ones you’ll need for privately insured patients.

21

bad Jim 06.02.07 at 8:06 am

Don’t look at me, he said with a crooked grin (despite years of adolescent orthodontia). I’m trying to to transcend dental medication.

22

Kieran Healy 06.02.07 at 9:33 am

Hey, bi — thanks for this. I’ve found the offending text and removed it, but disturbingly it was right in our index.php file. Anyone know anything about recent WordPress vulnerabilities?

23

novakant 06.02.07 at 5:32 pm

This is part of my worry about government funding in health care in general.

Can anyone enlighten me: how is ‘the market’ going to fix poor people’s teeth, or health, for that matter?

24

Bill Gardner 06.02.07 at 7:46 pm

“Can anyone enlighten me: how is ‘the market’ going to fix poor people’s teeth, or health, for that matter?”

It can’t, but there are some ‘market’ reforms that would do significant good. Many (U.S.) state medical societies, for example, are conspiracies in restraint of trade.

25

roy belmont 06.02.07 at 8:25 pm

What Jim S and abb1 said, what novakant alludes to.
Not what Sebastian H. said:
“This is part of my worry about government funding in health care in general. If you price below market, you get shortages because people don’t like to lose money when they work.”
A market that’s providing goods and services as life-essential as medicine and dentistry can potentially extract everything every last resource from the hapless and helpless and as we’re seeing now they will and they are. Check the process of the elderly slipping into “managed care” for starters.
The price on a loved one’s life or health is not something a mentally sound human being would ever attempt to set in dollar terms.
Allowing non-humans to participate in the economy has led directly and inevitably to alien domination of the marketplace.
We have been delivered to the parasite.

26

Kimmitt 06.03.07 at 12:50 am

One doesn’t need perfect teeth, but reasonably straight teeth wouldn’t seem to me to be such a terrible thing.

27

Nick Caldwell 06.03.07 at 1:10 am

Americans obsess about British teeth because dental health is an important — if subliminal — status and class signifier in the US. Nice, middle class people with bad teeth are sending distorted signals, which causes anxiety, which leads to anxiety management in the form of tired old jokes.

28

Georgiana 06.03.07 at 6:24 am

I don’t think straight, bleached white teeth, the American look is all that important. But as to the benefits of orthodontia, one anecdote in support thereof: I inherited my mother’s small jaw. She has all teeth, including wisdom, packed in so tightly she can barely floss between some. Despite lots of care and maintenance, she had several crowns, cavities and root canals by my age (40). I went through the braces, wisdom tooth removal etc. And, have so far avoided anything other than routine cleanings. My guess is remedying the bad hand genetics handed me made a significant difference. And no, my teeth no longer are perfectly straight.

29

Eszter 06.03.07 at 4:26 pm

When I was little, I had such a big gap between my two front teeth that you could fit an additional tooth in there. (I wouldn’t believe this now, but my father has the foresight to take a picture so we have evidence.) I can’t imagine how that would’ve been comfortable throughout my life. We had free dental care in Hungary so my parents took me to an orthodontist to get rid of the gap and the result hasn’t changed since. [pic] The braces I had were what are here, in the U.S., called retainers. I only had to wear them during the night. I don’t have any bad memories of it.

What I never understood is that given free dental care, why so many Hungarians didn’t get their teeth fixed. But I guess the message above is that certain levels of crookedness and gaps doesn’t matter. I don’t know enough about teeth to know to what extent that’s true.

Like Britta, we also went to the dentist together as a class every year when I was in elementary school so even if your parents didn’t take you, you did at least get an annual check-up.

30

T. Gracchus 06.03.07 at 7:15 pm

There is a more important issue here, missed by the commentators and by the post itself. Lack of dental care leads to a good worse than toothaches — it has positive correlation with a wide range of other health issues. Providing dental care is one of the easier and cheaper ways of making significant improvements in overall health of a population. Think nutrition.

31

pietr 06.03.07 at 7:52 pm

We have a universal ‘welfare state’ here.
When we had a mixed economy we went from world#2 to world#5 in fifteen years.
Today most people can’t get a welfare dentist for the same reasons as in America now.
The government controls how the dentists do business with their ‘National Health’ patients, so the dentists choose not to bother.

32

Matt 06.03.07 at 8:05 pm

“my parents took me to an orthodontist to get rid of the gap and the result hasn’t changed since. [pic]”

Showoff!

33

Jon 06.03.07 at 8:18 pm

As far as the paperwork goes, I don’t know but I seriously doubt that the medicate requires more paperwork than most private insurances; on the contrary, it has an important advantage of having one standard set of forms, as opposed to a bunch of different ones you’ll need for privately insured patient

There are just a couple of alternate standards, and they’re both vastly simpler. You pretty much can’t file Medicare/Medicaid without paying more for the labor involved than you can hope to get for your efforts, if your office isn’t either electronicized or vast. Smaller, older offices are noticeably likelier to not take Medicare. But even electronicized, newer offices have higher operational costs because you have to enter more information, worry more about what they’ll do, and pay alot more for the software, because it’s hard to code.

34

abb1 06.03.07 at 9:35 pm

if your office isn’t either electronicized or vast

Are you saying that there are dental offices in the US without a PC? What do they use there – Smith Corona? I want to know more about it.

35

Barry 06.04.07 at 1:29 pm

“We have a universal ‘welfare state’ here.
When we had a mixed economy we went from world#2 to world#5 in fifteen years.
Today most people can’t get a welfare dentist for the same reasons as in America now.
The government controls how the dentists do business with their ‘National Health’ patients, so the dentists choose not to bother.”

Posted by pietr

Um, which country is this? If it’s the UK, there are other explanations.

36

Anne Alstott 06.04.07 at 1:43 pm

For Keith:

Perhaps this will clarify: Medicaid, which is the income-tested, non-contributory program for poor kids and adults, covers dental for kids but not adults. This is the program that nominally covered the Driver children but was priced to ensure shortage. Medicare is a paid-in social insurance program for retired and disabled workers and their dependents. I don’t know what it covers but probably not dental.

37

Wild Pegasus 06.04.07 at 7:33 pm

My sister lived in Maryland for a while. She and I both had braces to make up for the typical wretched American diet (hunter-gatherers have straight teeth, no cavities, and white teeth, once you wipe the film off). She said that folks from Baltimore have awful teeth – white folks, black folks, rich folks, poor folks, doesn’t matter. Something in and around Baltimore wrecks dental health; that, or absolutely no one around Baltimore eats a healthy diet, which I find hard to believe.

– Josh

38

Jon Kay 06.05.07 at 4:29 am

Abb said:
Are you saying that there are dental offices in the US without a PC? What do they use there Smith Corona? I want to know more about it.

Yes, I was vague about it. But that’s sniping, not engagement. You’ve twice now ignored all my main arguments and sniped at details. Bye.

39

abb1 06.05.07 at 6:17 am

Sorry, Jon. But still, your argument that Medicaid claims are more labor intensive than all the others – it needs some support; the way you presented it, I’m not buying it, sorry.

40

sara 06.07.07 at 12:16 am

Now I know that the sole cause of my bitterness and failures in life is the refusal of my parents to spring for braces and tooth inlays. I had (have) other health issues that were more important to finance.

I would take remarks about Baltimore with a grain of salt; the inhabitants of Greater Washington, D.C., and strangely the Baltimoreans themselves (think John Waters films), love to regard it as White Trash-ville.

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