New kings in the Low Countries

by Ingrid Robeyns on July 21, 2013

As I am writing this, a new King is being inaugurated in Belgium, King Filip/Philippe. That is only a few months after the Netherlands also saw a change of Royal power, where Queen Beatrix made room for King Willem-Alexander. The new Kings share one thing in common – they both have wives that are more popular than themselves, and both Queens are said to be very smart, warm and sympathetic. But that’s where the comparison ends.

Willem-Alexander will be King of a politically stable nation, where the political power of the King has been recently redefined and largely limited to symbolic matters. Filip/Philippe will be King of a country that is divided between a part of the population that is deeply attached to the Belgian unity, and part of the population (mainly Flemish nationalists) who prefer regional independence. The Belgian king has always played a crucial role in keeping the different parts of the country together, and the question is whether King Filip/Philippe, who is said to have less emotional and social intelligence as his father, will be able to fulfill this role in the same way as his father did. Journalists keep asking, up until today: “Is he ready for this role?”

There will be national elections in Belgium in 2014, so King Filip/Philippe has a bit of time to grow in his royal-diplomatic-political role, before he may have to step up to the challenge of dealing with the challenges of Belgian politics.

{ 33 comments }

1

JohnTh 07.21.13 at 12:12 pm

King W-A seems to be cursed with one particularly unfortunate trait – he is incrudibly unphotogenic. I sympathise as I suffer also. While living in the Netherlands I’d seen him frequently in the papers looking like a bit of a fool. Then one day he came to the city of Leiden, where I lived, to do a bit of a walkabout with his mother. I saw him close up and barely recognised the tall man with the open, intelligent face who was doing a good job working the crowd. Then he spotted a press photographer and suddenly looked very familiar…(His wife of course, does not have this problem. At all. So hopefully his daughters will also escape) He must be one of the few people who really wishes he could have lived a few hundred years ago!

But it did make me think about some of the preconditions we place on holders of senior office nowadays,in terms of looking good in mass media. Gordon Brown is another figure who springs to mind as really having suffered from this.

2

Ben Alpers 07.21.13 at 2:28 pm

“New Kings in the Low Countries” would be a great band name (just sayin’)

3

Igor Belanov 07.21.13 at 4:03 pm

I’ve enjoyed my visits to Belgium, but politically the country must be even more of a basket case than I’d suspected if it needs a monarch to hold it together.

4

Jim 07.21.13 at 4:15 pm

I do not think that I have seen the new King of the Belgians referred to as Filip in any of the Anglophone press. Uniformly he’s King Philippe. A Walloon coup?

5

Andrew Woode 07.21.13 at 5:17 pm

The Anglophone press seems always to have used French forms (when they are distinct from the other options), presumably a consequence of having Brussels-based correspondents with (some) French and no Dutch. Using both French and Dutch (with optional German?) is much more neutral, but perhaps this is a case where we should simply use English forms in English?

6

Ingrid Robeyns 07.21.13 at 7:42 pm

The explanation that Andrew gives (@5) is one I have heard before and that I take to be plausible (the lack of knowledge of Dutch by international correspondents has also been used in the Flemish complaint that the international community is mainly been informed about the point of view of the francophones in the Belgian Saga – but whether that is true I don’t know, and I don’t want to spoil the party today for the Royal-fans by opening that can of worms!)
The name issue is an interesting example of the hypersensitivity of anything to do with language in Belgium (I’m trying to use ‘hypersensitivity’ in a neutral, not in a pejorative way). There was some protest when there was a news item a few days ago about the fact that he would sign laws with ‘Philippe’. This was immediately followed by an official statements that as a King, he would be both (Koning) Filip as a well as (le Roi) Philippe.

As my present for the new King, I have a proposal that may lead to eternal peace in Belgium. What if the Belgian Royals would all start using German as their language of daily communication — after all, it’s also an official Belgian language, and at least that one can not be interpreted as showing favoritism to either the Flemish or the Francophone Belgians!

7

Igor Belanov 07.21.13 at 8:42 pm

By adopting German the Belgian royals would only be going back to their roots after all.

I got the impression that the real barrier for Flemish secession was the future status of Brussels- a mainly Francophone island in a Flemish sea.

8

Ed 07.21.13 at 9:14 pm

Do the Belgians count the earlier Hapsburg and Valois rulers in numbering their kings, or does it start only in 1830?

9

michiel 07.21.13 at 9:41 pm

@Ingrid (6)
Of course, German would be a great option. Long live König Philipp! His German speaking subjects are the true Belgians anyway, not being part of the two big groups but also defining themselves as not being German. So in the case of a breakup he could relocate to the German speaking part and form some sort of Lichtenstein with tax haven and all that ;-)

10

Nick 07.21.13 at 10:20 pm

Brussels is the Flemish Jerusalem.

11

Ethan 07.21.13 at 10:50 pm

Since none of the rulers prior to 1830 were King of Belgium, the numbering starts there, though if its like the UK, the ruling name is likely determined by the king themselves. On the name thing, there’s also a now mostly-lapsed tradition of French forms being the root of “Anglicised” versions of non-French place and personal names in Europe, sometimes even in preference to the native English version. You can still see this in “Louis” being used for “Ludwig” “Luis” “Luigi” instead of “Lewis” and “Maurice” for “Maurits” “Maurizio” instead of “Morris”. Older English books would often refer to “Trier” as “Treves”, “Aachen” as “Aix-la-Chapelle”, “Regensburg” as “Ratisbon”, basically, the English literary habit was often to filter continental Europe through French, maybe that’s held over in Belgium because of the historical association of French with the ruling class.

12

Nicholas Whyte 07.22.13 at 7:09 am

If I may correct Ethan @11, none of them since 1830 has been King of Belgium either; the title is “King of the Belgians”.

Albert and Leopold are spelt the same (well, apart from an acute accent) in French and Dutch, so the only previous Belgian king for whom the issue arose was Boudewijn, generally known abroad as Baudouin, the French version of his name which he and his family used for themselves. As a recently arrived Fleming, I’m relaxed about this; it seems to me that for formal purposes he must be Koning Filip / le Roi Philippe, but apart from that it makes sense for him to referred to in the way he normally refers to himself, which is in French.

13

Antoni Jaume 07.22.13 at 7:23 am

Well, in Spain there is the use to translate the names of sovereigns to the local language, so in Castilian written articles it is ‘Rey Félipe de Bélgica’, in Catalan press it is ‘Rei Felip de Bèlgica’, for Basque and Galician I’m not sure how they’d do it.

14

Britta 07.22.13 at 9:12 am

Low countr(ies) for old men?

15

ajay 07.22.13 at 9:16 am

On the name thing, there’s also a now mostly-lapsed tradition of French forms being the root of “Anglicised” versions of non-French place and personal names in Europe, sometimes even in preference to the native English version. You can still see this in “Louis” being used for “Ludwig” “Luis” “Luigi” instead of “Lewis” and “Maurice” for “Maurits” “Maurizio” instead of “Morris”. Older English books would often refer to “Trier” as “Treves”, “Aachen” as “Aix-la-Chapelle”, “Regensburg” as “Ratisbon”, basically, the English literary habit was often to filter continental Europe through French

Well, it was the language of diplomacy, I suppose.
There are others as well – Charlemagne (not Karl der Grosse or even Charles the Great), Cologne (not Koln) and so on.

16

Charles Pigden 07.22.13 at 12:58 pm

The highest title of the Valois rulers was that Dukes of Burgundy which is what they were generally known as, though presumably that was not the title under which they were suzerains of the Low Countries. The same title or titles will have descended to their Hapsburg heirs. But thought the Hapsburg rulers war Kings of many places, I don’t think were kings of the Low Countries.

17

ajay 07.22.13 at 1:18 pm

But thought the Hapsburg rulers war Kings of many places, I don’t think were kings of the Low Countries.

Rulers, though, yes. Charles V and his successors.

18

Charles Pigden 07.22.13 at 1:41 pm

So far as I can tell from Wikipedia, the Valois-Hapsburg line starting with the Valois Dukes of Burgundy and descending to the Hapsburgs via Mary of Burgundy who married the Emperor Maximilian, were rulers of (most of) the Low Countries in virtue of the following titles: they were Dukes of Brabant, Limburg, Lothier and Luxemburg, Magraves of Namur, Counts of Flanders, Charolais, Holland and Zeeland, Counts Palatine of Burgundy (not the same thing as being Dukes of Burgundy, a title which did not descend to the Hapsburgs) Dukes of Guelders and Counts of Zutphen. It was all a bit messy and most of these titles came to them by marriage or purchase. Of course a lot of these were lost as s consequence of the Dutch Revolt.

19

chris y 07.22.13 at 3:06 pm

There are others as well – Charlemagne (not Karl der Grosse or even Charles the Great), Cologne (not Koln) and so on.

Although I’ll take a lot of convincing that ‘Leghorn’ is the French for Livorno. The odd thing is that there was a parallel tradition of anglicising French place names, often by apparently pluralising them: Marseilles, Lyons.

20

Mike Huben 07.22.13 at 3:28 pm

Why does anybody care about royalty any more? They are a relict of an era of horrible violence and oppression, to which they greatly contributed. If they are “good” today, it is only to the extent that they have been rendered harmless parasites, re-enacting fairy tales of what it’s like to be vastly richer and more powerful than subjects.

21

Igor Belanov 07.22.13 at 5:55 pm

@ Mike:

You’re only too right, unfortunately people still ‘care’ about royalty because they’ve turned themselves into hereditary celebrities, prompted by the excess media attention they’re still receiving from craven broadcasters such as the BBC. The need to hold on to this celebrity status is the main reason why ugly and/or uncharismatic royals have eschewed dynastic marriages in favour of attractive looking commoners.

22

js. 07.22.13 at 6:55 pm

hereditary celebrities, prompted by the excess media attention they’re still receiving from craven broadcasters such as the BBC

Or check out the Guardian website right now.

23

Substance McGravitas 07.22.13 at 6:58 pm

It is, unfortunately, news. News about leeches.

24

Philip 07.22.13 at 7:50 pm

Igor, I like the option to click on ‘republican’ and get less new about the baby.

25

hix 07.22.13 at 8:18 pm

Dont blame them personally. They dont have much of a choice and are as much victims as profiteers of the system.

26

js. 07.22.13 at 9:03 pm

Philip @24:

I hadn’t noticed that (it _is_ a small button thing). Bit brilliant actually; thanks for pointing it out.

27

nick s 07.22.13 at 10:26 pm

Why does anybody care about royalty any more? They are a relict of an era of horrible violence and oppression, to which they greatly contributed.

As opposed to republican heads of state, who uniformly reflect an era of peace and liberty.

I’m clicking the non-royalist button on the Graun, but I think there’s something structurally advantageous to a constitutional setup that demands that the head of state has two names and three languages in order to represent the nation. (Filip/Philippe’s eldest, Elisabeth, only needs an acute accent, so smart planning on his part.)

28

LFC 07.23.13 at 1:49 am

@16, 17, 18:
Note that from c.1385 to 1477, Valois Burgundy — an independent, non-contiguous entity comprising parts of the Low Countries as well as both the duchy and the county of Burgundy — was a major (if not the major) power in W. Europe. It’s important not to confuse the Valois kings of France with the Valois dukes of Burgundy, as they were most definitely not the same individuals and indeed fought each other.

The Habsburgs came into the picture here with the defeat and death of Duke Charles the Bold at the battle of Nancy (Jan. 5, 1477), which marked the end of the entity known as Valois Burgundy. Charles had no male heirs, and it was his daughter Mary who married the Habsburg Maximilian (as C. Pigden notes @18). With the end of Valois Burgundy as a political entity, the Habsburgs acquired possession of most of its territories; however, the duchy (though not the county) of Burgundy was reincorporated into the kingdom of France.

29

Mike G 07.23.13 at 4:04 am

Philip @ 24:
Now it says “Not a royalist?”, at least on the US site.
Perhaps because in a US context “Republican” usually refers to the douchebag political party of that name.

30

js. 07.23.13 at 4:25 am

@Mike G:

Wow, yeah, it does say “Not a royalist?” on the US version, and “Republican?” on the UK version—must be because they don’t want to send their US readers skittering away (given extremely safe assumptions about their US readership).

At first I thought this was maybe a bit condescending, but: On the one hand, given safe assumptions, I’d think the US Guardian readership would get the Royalist/Republican contrast well enough; on the other, just seeing “Republican?” as a button top right, it wouldn’t maybe be so obvious. So, fair enough I suppose.

31

Phil 07.23.13 at 9:02 am

King Filip/Philippe, who is said to have less emotional and social intelligence as his father

There was an unfortunate turn of phrase in the former King’s eulogy to his successor – he said something like “and we know that you have all the intellectual and emotional capacities…” The sentence actually concluded “…to serve as King of the Belgians” or words to that effect, but I was very tempted to butt in with “…of a cabbage”.

32

Eli Rabett 07.25.13 at 11:49 pm

As Eli recalls there were similar doubts about Albert when Boudewijn died.

33

engels 07.26.13 at 8:54 am

I think it should say ‘Not a mindless cretin?’

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