The Just Society

by Maria on August 1, 2006

Maurice Manning has an excellent piece in today’s Irish Times (pay-walled) marking the 80th birthday of Declan Costello. Costello wrote ‘Towards a Just Society’ in the 1960s. The pamphlet re-defined Irish politics in terms of social justice, energised a new generation of activists, and probably cost Costello a Cabinet position when Fine Gael got back into power in 1973. Some of the ideas of the Just Society – especially its emphasis on direct government intervention in the economy – seem outdated today. But Costello helped to make Fine Gael a Christian democrat party, back when that meant something more than fighting stem cell research and gay marriage.

Here is some of what Maurice Manning has to say:

“The Just Society debate had many consequences. It shoved a reluctant Fine Gael centre-stage politically and the party showed a hitherto unsuspected energy in debating its future shape and direction. The episode showed Declan Costello as a tough and wily fighter, prepared to play by his, rather than his opponents’, rules as he succeeded in having his proposals accepted.

The Just Society never sat lightly on James Dillon’s style of leadership but it was Fine Gael policy in the 1965 election, giving the party a sharpness it had long lacked. It proved particularly popular among young people, especially in the universities, and paved the way for the approach successfully adopted by Garret FitzGerald a decade later. And, ironically, if the Labour alliance urged by Costello had been successfully adopted, Dillon would probably have become taoiseach.”

My mother was part of the generation of young people swept into politics by Costello’s vision of Ireland as a country of fairness and opportunity, a society whose Catholicism and dense ties could work to reinforce the mutual obligations of social justice, rather than to keep people in their places. In retrospect, there is a sense of noblesse oblige in that idealistic generation of middle class Dublin students flocking into Fine Gael to create a more egalitarian society. But the desire was genuine. Even today, Fine Gael supporters of my parents’ generation get that faraway look when they talk about being inspired by the Just Society. It certainly prepared the way for Garret FitzGerald’s wildly successful youth recruitment campaign in the late 1970s. Today, after an almost twenty year decline, party membership is climbing again as Fine Gael has a realistic chance of winning next year’s election.

Unlike the other main party whose programmes seem driven more by electoral vagaries and backroom deals with special interests, Fine Gael has long been a party of ideas – for better or worse. (For a party of ideology, try the PDs.) Costello was one of many unlikely politicians who have peopled Fine Gael’s senior positions and forced uncomfortable change on its rather conservative membership. I wonder what he thinks of Fine Gael today.

The party seems to have fairly recognizable Christian democrat and social democrat wings. (Costello’s intellectual successors would now be mostly on the social democrat wing.) The Christian democrats are essentially leftish Tories – socially and fiscally conservative, mostly worried about law ‘n’ order. I attended this year’s Ard Fheis a few months back and heard the leader’s speech. The audience warmly applauded Kenny’s lambasting of the health service, but rose roaring to its feet for the coded sequence about letting land owners shoot marauding travellers. It was a hair-raising experience to someone with long-cherished notions about FG and social inclusion.

You don’t hear so much from the social democrat wing, but the fact that FG is campaigning with the Labour Party to form a coalition after the next election is encouraging. Labour can keep FG honest on economic issues and give it cover for pushing more left of centre policies. Even if the bulk of the party wouldn’t willingly embrace leftist policies, they seem prepared to ‘tie the king’s hands’ if it’s the price of electoral success.

The FG/Labour shadow coalition has been several points ahead of the government all year. They may have the numbers; now they need some policies. I hope the electoral programme has a bit more substance than the populist sniping that currently passes for government critique. FG’s favourite target is Michael McDowell (who used to be Garret FitzGerald’s director of elections in Dublin South East, before defecting to co-found the PDs). As I remarked to the man running the Michael Collins stand at the Ard Fheis, Fine Gaelers can’t bear McDowell because he’s more blueshirt than the blueshirts themselves. He’s certainly stolen their shirt on the North, and has proved impossible to out-law’n’order.

FG/Labour has a short window of opportunity to shape the debate of the next election. They can keep churning out eye-catching initiatives (aka nonsense non-policies) like wet-rooms for drunks in casualty departments. Or they can start asking grown-up questions about how Irish people really want to spend what’s left of our boom; further polarisation and stored up social trouble, or long-term thinking on how to keep and spread our wealth in a globalised world. Garret Fitzgerald has often said that people who under-estimate the Irish electorate should look at how cleverly voters use our fiendishly tricky multi-seat PR STV system to get just the result they want. Put it another way; voters have surprisingly sharp bullshit detectors. They want a real choice, not personality politics. It’s time we gave the Just Society another look.

Full disclosure: Maurice Manning taught me at UCD. Michael McDowell is my uncle.

{ 25 comments }

1

Ray 08.01.06 at 8:38 am

(Reads last line. Decides against long, foul-mouthed anti-McDowell rant. Marvels at own self-control.)

2

Maria 08.01.06 at 8:52 am

(Bravo.)

3

Henry 08.01.06 at 8:53 am

bq. Unlike the other main party whose programmes seem driven more by electoral vagaries and backroom deals with special interests, Fine Gael has long been a party of ideas – for better or worse.

I’d disagree with this, I think. There were a lot of ideas floating around in the Just Society era, and then under FitzGerald’s (and to a lesser extent, Dukes’) leadership. But not before or since, as best as I can tell.

4

Maria 08.01.06 at 9:05 am

That’s probably fair enough. There are precious few ideas being discussed now, for sure. FG had a reasonably long run of being an ideas machine in the 60s and 70s, in contrast to FF which has ideas, well, never.

But today most Irish political parties seem to have bought into a sort of ‘end of history’ idea, where ideological differences are slight and, for example, tax rises are off the table for any major party.

It’s a little ironic, given that voting patterns are finally drifting towards a European norm, with class/income slowly becoming an indicator of party preference.

5

P O'Neill 08.01.06 at 9:17 am

The paragraph after Maria’s excerpt it also interesting

Surprisingly, Declan Costello was not a minister in the 1973-77 government, holding instead the position occupied by his father 50 years earlier, attorney general. He was disappointed but his tenure was a reforming one with the establishment of the Director of Public Prosecutions and the Law Reform Commission – two enduring achievements. It is interesting to note, too, that during his tenure a Bill was drafted to introduce a code of ethics and behaviour for political life – drafted, but never published, until resurrected in more pressing circumstances 20 years later. It might have made a difference.

Which are just a few of the many “what-ifs” about that government, joining having to deal with the first oil crisis, the continual near-crises in Northern Ireland, and Jimmy Tully’s botched gerrymander, on a packed list.

I’m willing to excuse some of Enda’s stunts as him borrowing a few ideas from Cameron in terms of keeping in the news. It’s still better than the bastardised Shrum-isms that we get from Bertie.

6

Slayton I. Mustgo 08.01.06 at 11:00 am

Geez, now I get the Declan MacMannis/Elvis Costello joke. I just thought he picked Costello as a goofy name for an Irishman named Elvis.

7

EWI 08.01.06 at 5:10 pm

I’m willing to excuse some of Enda’s stunts as him borrowing a few ideas from Cameron in terms of keeping in the news. It’s still better than the bastardised Shrum-isms that we get from Bertie.

Ah, yes. Who can forget Enda (of) Kenya.

8

EWI 08.01.06 at 5:11 pm

(Which US political consultants do the Fine Gaelers employ, I wonder? Certainly, YFG-types – our friends in the FI included – seem to gravitate to GOP internments…)

9

Fergal 08.01.06 at 5:41 pm

Somewhat off-topic, I think Elvis Costello chose his stage name for two of his idols, Elvis Presly and comedian Lou Costello (of “Abbot and…” fame)

10

Ray 08.01.06 at 5:43 pm

I think the correct term is ‘internships’, but I can understand the wishful thinking.

11

DC 08.01.06 at 7:06 pm

“Surprisingly, Declan Costello was not a minister in the 1973-77 government, holding instead the position occupied by his father 50 years earlier, attorney general.”

Which means that the PM (Cosgrave), AG (Costello) and foreign minister (Fitzgerald) of that government all held the same positions their fathers had 50 years before.

I also was rather taken aback at FG being “the party of ideas” – unless we count supporting the right to kill travellers as an “idea”, rather than pandering to hatred. (http://www.villagemagazine.ie/article.asp?sid=1&sud=40&aid=854)

I think Richard Bruton is about the only current senior member I’d have much time for – he also seems to be about all that’s left of any intellectual and social-democratic wing of the party.

12

Gerry 08.01.06 at 7:17 pm

Ideas just don’t feature anywhere in the mainstream of Irish politics. It’s all about winning. Fine Gael are not as accident prone as they were before the last election and people are fed up with Fianna Fáil. This means that most pundits are now prepared to talk up Fine Gael’s electoral chances and this gives them credibility. Labour has better policies but it too does not ask the “grown up questions”. It’s all very risk-averse stuff.

13

Paddy Matthews 08.01.06 at 7:27 pm

A few random comments from a political agnostic whose origin was on the other side of the political fence:

Today, after an almost twenty year decline, party membership is climbing again as Fine Gael has a realistic chance of winning next year’s election.

Fine Gael are certainly in a healthier state than in a long time – although the party membership figures may have something to do with a one-member-one-vote system being used for selection conventions which encourages potential candidates to recruit as many potential voters as possible.

Unlike the other main party whose programmes seem driven more by electoral vagaries and backroom deals with special interests, Fine Gael has long been a party of ideas – for better or worse. (For a party of ideology, try the PDs.)

The downside of “the party of ideas” is that it can mean that it comes across as being the party of fads – I doubt if the degree of pro-Europeanism in Fine Gael (on issues like European defence) is widely shared among the electorate at large. Fianna Fáil are quite good at “borrowing” ideas that seem to work – pragmatism is not always a bad thing when trying to run a country.

The party seems to have fairly recognizable Christian democrat and social democrat wings. (Costello’s intellectual successors would now be mostly on the social democrat wing.) The Christian democrats are essentially leftish Tories – socially and fiscally conservative, mostly worried about law ‘n’ order.

I’m not too sure about the “leftish” bit there – my experience is that your right-wing Fine Gaeler tends to be a bit to the right of your right-wing Fianna Fáiler (think Alice Glenn, Oliver J. Flanagan, Brendan McGahon), and conversely your left-wing Fine Gaeler tends to be a bit to the left of your left-wing Fianna Fáiler (think Monica Barnes or Nuala Fennell).

My own opinion is that what Costello and those who came after him such as Garret FitzGerald did was to graft a left-of-centre head onto what remained a pretty conservative body. It gave the result a fresh appeal while it lasted. But it was still essentially a conservative body.

I attended this year’s Ard Fheis a few months back and heard the leader’s speech. The audience warmly applauded Kenny’s lambasting of the health service, but rose roaring to its feet for the coded sequence about letting land owners shoot marauding travellers. It was a hair-raising experience to someone with long-cherished notions about FG and social inclusion.

That’s the sort of thing I’m getting at when I express doubt about the “leftishness” of the Fine Gael base. For all of Fianna Fáil’s myriad faults, there’s not so much of the authoritarianism there that is Old Fine Gael’s least attractive feature. The saving grace of roguery is that you tend to be less keen on the firm smack of the long arm of the law (yes, I know it’s a terribly mixed metaphor).

You don’t hear so much from the social democrat wing,

My impression is that the reason why we don’t hear so much from the social democrat wing is because it’s extinct. A combination of natural wastage (the young tigers of the 70s and early 80s having burnt themselves out) and the peculiarities of the last election (when Fine Gael were almost wiped out in urban areas) mean that what is left in the parliamentary party is overwhelmingly from the “Old” wing (even if it may be young in age). Young Fine Gael now seems to be the habitat of the Young Fogey.

Labour can keep FG honest on economic issues and give it cover for pushing more left of centre policies.

You would hope so. Though that may be expecting a bit much from the Stalinist-turned-Blairite current leadership of the Labour Party.

The FG/Labour shadow coalition has been several points ahead of the government all year. They may have the numbers; now they need some policies. I hope the electoral programme has a bit more substance than the populist sniping that currently passes for government critique.

Again, you would hope so. People are fed up with the current government’s ability to combine arrogance with incompetence (electronic voting machines, anyone?), and a half-convincing alternative should run away with an election, budget bribes or no.

But we should never underestimate Fine Gael’s ability to make a hames of an election campaign (witness 2002’s compensation schemes for taxi-drivers and Eircom shareholders).

FG’s favourite target is Michael McDowell (who used to be Garret FitzGerald’s director of elections in Dublin South East, before defecting to co-found the PDs). As I remarked to the man running the Michael Collins stand at the Ard Fheis, Fine Gaelers can’t bear McDowell because he’s more blueshirt than the blueshirts themselves. He’s certainly stolen their shirt on the North, and has proved impossible to out-law’n’order.

He’s certainly very good at talking the talk. But public fear of crime doesn’t seem to be falling.

FG/Labour has a short window of opportunity to shape the debate of the next election. They can keep churning out eye-catching initiatives (aka nonsense non-policies) like wet-rooms for drunks in casualty departments. Or they can start asking grown-up questions about how Irish people really want to spend what’s left of our boom; further polarisation and stored up social trouble, or long-term thinking on how to keep and spread our wealth in a globalised world. Garret Fitzgerald has often said that people who under-estimate the Irish electorate should look at how cleverly voters use our fiendishly tricky multi-seat PR STV system to get just the result they want. Put it another way; voters have surprisingly sharp bullshit detectors. They want a real choice, not personality politics. It’s time we gave the Just Society another look.

They did rather try to do that at the last election; the problem was that it was done in a cack-handed way at a time when the electorate were not interested in the message.

14

Paddy Matthews 08.01.06 at 7:46 pm

Henry:

I’d disagree with this, I think. There were a lot of ideas floating around in the Just Society era, and then under FitzGerald’s (and to a lesser extent, Dukes’) leadership. But not before or since, as best as I can tell.

Oh, there were ideas floating around in Fine Gael long before the Declan Costello/Garret FitzGerald era.

But they’re just not ideas that anyone wants to remember.

*Cough*Michael Tierney*Cough*Corporate state*Cough*

(I did say that I originated from the other side of the political fence.)

15

P O'Neill 08.01.06 at 8:43 pm

I don’t know who the FG overseas consultants are, although there surely must be ones. FF seem to repeatedly go back to the Shrum, Devine & Donilon well, although they also seem to give the occasional impression that they’ve moved on to other things. Mark Penn of course was (allegedly) Blair’s guru in the last UK election so one wonders if they added a few hundred thousand in billings with the hop over to the Republic with some suggested sweet nothings for the Irish electorate.

As for Paddy’s detailed comments, I think the social democrat wing of FG is still around. Yes, they got hammered in 2002 but you’d be surprised at the leftie-style opinions one can run into at the lower level (councillor, young activist). I think it is still a Dublin phenomenon, though.

16

Maria 08.02.06 at 2:35 am

Actually, Michael Tierney was our great uncle…

I’m very glad I attended UCD long after his reign during which women were forbidden from wearing trousers.

17

Maria 08.02.06 at 2:42 am

Thanks, Paddy, for your thoughtful comments. I’ve often heard Garret say that he was a Labour man at heart, but joined Fine Gael because it was the only way to become Taoiseach. I do wonder if the idea of FG having a native social democrat wing is just wishful thinking.

18

Paddy Matthews 08.02.06 at 4:02 am

P O’Neill,

Maybe I’m overstating the case in saying that the social democrat wing is extinct, but it certainly seems to be much diminished and marginalised.

Even in Dublin, the up-and-coming FG politicos who are likely to win seats next time round – Lucinda Creighton, Leo Varadkar, Brian Hayes – seem to be from the “Tory” wing of the party.

The middle-class vote that was attracted by Garret’s stances on “Church” and “bedroom” issues are not necessarily particularly leftish on other issues – for those that are, the Greens provide an alternative that wasn’t around in the 80s.

19

Paddy Matthews 08.02.06 at 4:16 am

Maria,

Actually, Michael Tierney was our great uncle…

I should probably stop while I’m ahead, shouldn’t I?

I’m very glad I attended UCD long after his reign during which women were forbidden from wearing trousers.

Ah, the days when Kevin Myers was a leftie.

I’ve often heard Garret say that he was a Labour man at heart, but joined Fine Gael because it was the only way to become Taoiseach.

Maybe I’m mistaken, but I think I remember reading somewhere that he was approached to join Fianna Fáil in the mid-60s, but declined because of his family background. An interesting “what-if”?

20

Maria 08.02.06 at 4:56 am

Hmmm. That sounds vaguely familiarl.

I’ll ask him this weekend! ;-)

21

EWI 08.02.06 at 7:40 am

#10 I think the correct term is ‘internships’, but I can understand the wishful thinking.

Yes – and especially at the moment, having apparently just been threatened with legal action myself by one particular individual.

22

Ray 08.02.06 at 8:46 am

yeah, I’m the ‘ray’ from the GUBU thread

23

EWI 08.02.06 at 4:07 pm

Even in Dublin, the up-and-coming FG politicos who are likely to win seats next time round – Lucinda Creighton, Leo Varadkar, Brian Hayes – seem to be from the “Tory” wing of the party.

Even “Tory” may be giving them too much credit. The GOP-aligned FI draw mostly from the ranks of YFG, with a sprinkling of Cork- and Waterford-based PDs. Yes, they’re only good at the moment for having a laugh at – but they’re the party apparatchiks of not too far in the future.

24

DC 08.02.06 at 7:25 pm

I think Sean Lemass might have asked Garret to join.

“I’m very glad I attended UCD long after his reign during which women were forbidden from wearing trousers.”

I’m sure you are, but gosh, from a male point of view that seems pretty cool…oh wait, I see – they wore skirts.

25

Paddy Matthews 08.03.06 at 8:33 pm

Ewi:

The GOP-aligned FI draw mostly from the ranks of YFG, with a sprinkling of Cork- and Waterford-based PDs. Yes, they’re only good at the moment for having a laugh at – but they’re the party apparatchiks of not too far in the future.

One of the advantages of Ireland’s often-maligned electoral system is that it requires candidates to put themselves up in competition before the ordinary voter, not only with rival parties but with rival candidates within their own party. It’s not possible to worm yourself into an invulnerable position on a party list, or to persuade a cabal of old codgers on a party committee to give you a safe seat for life. Politicians have to work to appeal to the non-aligned electorate, and for better or worse, that puts ideologues at a disadvantage.

Perhaps I’m mistaken, but I think the set of skills required for the intrigue and back-stabbing of student and youth-wing politics don’t translate well into the set of skills required to appeal to the non-aligned public. I can think of one individual in a neighbouring county to my own who is a big fish in Young Fine Gael (and was at least peripherally associated with the Freedom Institute) and who seems to have big ambitions in national politics. He certainly manages to insert himself into enough photographs in the local weekly paper and to get them to publish his profound press statements on the issues of the day.

He has managed to get himself selected as a substitute candidate for the European Parliament by Fine Gael. He couldn’t, however, manage to get himself selected as a County Council candidate for the last local elections. I know which position would have given him a better platform for election to the Dáil.

Looking back on my years in college, the only people in UCD who I can remember being active in SU/party politics then and who have succeeded to some extent in national politics since are Conor Lenihan and Richard Boyd-Barrett. The party hacks are either backroom boys/girls now or out of politics altogether.

The ‘tuters (as they were referred to on politics.ie) wouldn’t stand a cat in hell’s chance of election in the real world.

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