What’s in a frame?

by Ted on July 27, 2005

Sam Crane at The Useless Tree states well the pitfalls of the metaphor of “war” in the fight against terrorism.

We do not have to be as linguistically radical as Chuang Tzu to recognize the inadequacy of a word like “war” to encompass all of what goes into a movement like Al-Qaeda. It is a crude little word that forces our thinking into a narrow range of military options (apologies to Clausewitz who saw war as a broader range of options on an even wider continuum of politics). When we call it “war” we do not think of “police activity.” Indeed, war-mongers have continually mocked those who have argued that going after Al-Qaeda is more like a crime-fighting problem than a war-fighting problem. I guess General Myers will now be considered “soft” on terrorism, too.

{ 17 comments }

1

soru 07.27.05 at 11:13 am

I’m starting to realise that when americans use the word ‘war’, it seems they mean something rather different from the rest of the English-speaking world.

Can anyone clarify what they mean by war that makes it wrong in this context? Is it really something as easy to parody as ‘two armies with muskets standing 200 feet apart’, updated for technology but not culture?

soru

2

engels 07.27.05 at 11:40 am

So Bush is finally dumping the moronic “War on Terror” catchphrase… Does this mean his highly strung keyboard warriors will be standing down on the War on Scarequotes?

3

Kevin Donoghue 07.27.05 at 11:42 am

Can anyone clarify what they mean by war that makes it wrong in this context?

The secret is to click on the links:

Gen. Richard B. Myers, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, told the National Press Club on Monday that he had “objected to the use of the term ‘war on terrorism’ before, because if you call it a war, then you think of people in uniform as being the solution.” He said the threat instead should be defined as violent extremists, with the recognition that “terror is the method they use.”

Although the military is heavily engaged in the mission now, he said, future efforts require “all instruments of our national power, all instruments of the international communities’ national power.” The solution is “more diplomatic, more economic, more political than it is military,” he concluded.

4

Tim 07.27.05 at 11:51 am

The usual parody in the international relations literature is 1000 battle deaths (the definition used by U Michigan’s Correlates of War project). One fewer and it’s not a war. Falklands/Malvinas? Not a war by this definition.

As for a frame, should we prefer “Republican jihad” to “war”?

5

soru 07.27.05 at 12:48 pm

“all instruments of our national power, all instruments of the international communities’ national power.” The solution is “more diplomatic, more economic, more political than it is military,” he concluded.

Sorry, that still makes no sense. He seems to be suggesting that miltary activity is something different from politics, which is kind of like saying lung activity is something different from breathing.

soru

6

engels 07.27.05 at 1:04 pm

He seems to be suggesting that miltary activity is something different from politics, which is kind of like saying lung activity is something different from breathing.

Ok, Soru, remind me not to campaign against your party at the next General Election.

7

soru 07.27.05 at 1:49 pm

Fair point, the metaphor breaks down, as you can’t breathe without using your lungs, but can do politics without using your military.

‘Mouth’ would work better, but I am not sure a point based on ‘oral activity’ would be taken entirely seriously.

soru

8

Kevin Donoghue 07.27.05 at 1:59 pm

Soru,

If you are told that success in a particular line of business is mainly a matter of good research, marketing, logistics and all-round business skill, rather than one of securing large-scale finance, do you really understand that to mean the speaker considers finance to be “something different from” business? If you do then I can’t help you. If, on the other hand, you are capable of understanding such a statement, then you are probably also capable of grasping the point made by General Myers. You pointed out in another thread that a lizard is a reptile. You probably know that not all reptiles are lizards. In a somewhat similar sense, military activity is political. But not all political activity is military.

The new policy requires that all trollbots be modified. Thereafter, if anyone uses the expression “war on terror”, upgraded trollbots will respond: “You libruls just don’t get it! It’s not war! It’s political! It’s diplomatic! It’s economic! All instruments of our national power will be used!”

9

Sam 07.27.05 at 2:22 pm

I think part of the problem here is that too many US policy makers forget that war is an extensnion of politics by other means: they focus too much on the military and not enough on the politcs. Look at how the US fought the war in Iraq: it seized on a tactical plan that emphasized speed, and traded space for time (e.g. bypassing Fallujah to hurry up and get to Baghdad). And this worked in a narrow military way (Saddam’s army fell) but turned out to be a disaster politically. Too much war talk undermined politics talk. This has had effects on the erstwhile “war” on terror – e.g. taking intelligence and special ops people out of Afghanistan/Pakistan and shipping them to Iraq to fight the war there. The emphasis on war may also have undermined multilateral intelligence and police work, though that needs to be examined more fully.

10

soru 07.27.05 at 2:30 pm

If you are told that success in a particular line of business is mainly a matter of good research, marketing, logistics and all-round business skill, rather than one of securing large-scale finance, do you really understand that to mean the speaker considers finance to be “something different from” business?

No, it would, imply that the speaker considered ‘large-scale finance’ to be different from ‘logistics’ (which is of course correct).

If it helps you understand, write out the two sentences with the actual words replaced by ‘A’, ‘B’, etc, and notice which words corresponds to which letter in each case.

soru

11

craig 07.27.05 at 4:12 pm

because if you call it a war, then you think of people in uniform as being the solution.

With all respect to Gen. Myers, my thinking is not so hidebound. Mere cries, in newspaper headlines or elsewhere, of “War!” don’t much affect my strategic thinking. Nor, it seems, do they affect his, nor y’alls, since you all seem able to apprehend that there are many non-uniformed-soldier elements to this thing.

I note with detached bemusement that this is a common element found in “framing” articles: the writer is always able to escape the same frame he claims is restraining the thought of everyone else.

(Is this a live preview!? That’s some sweet technology there! I’ll be stealing that, you can be sure.)

12

tvd 07.27.05 at 9:39 pm

The parsers and beancounters shall be the death of us all, I think. I despise MBAs almost as much as sophists.

It is a “war” against miliant Islamism, which has already declared “war” on us. (Take the word “us” out for a road test. The words “we” and “us” are seldom used hereabouts, except in self-flagellation.)

However, “miliant Islamism” can easily drop the pre- and appending qualifiers in translation to al-Jazeeran, and become a “war on Islam.” The possibility of such sloppiness and the ensuing carnage must be figured into all political rhetoric.

I’m cool with “GWOT.” Only the disingenuous pretend to not know what it means.

13

bad Jim 07.28.05 at 2:38 am

What I hear is that the new name is GSAVE (Global Struggle Against Violent Extremism), which, if you pronounce it out loud, is a bit more reassuring than its predecessor. “Gee, save!” is arguably preferable to “Gee, what?”, though perhaps less accurate.

However, since we’ve learned that “Jihad” is best translated as “struggle”, and that some spokesfolk for the other side also characterize their efforts as “Jihad”, should we worry that al-Jazeera will report this rebranding of US foreign policy as “Global Jihad against Jihad”?

14

Barry 07.28.05 at 11:49 am

Sam:

“…it seized on a tactical plan that emphasized speed, and traded space for time (e.g. bypassing Fallujah to hurry up and get to Baghdad)…. ”

IIRC, Fallujah was pretty quiet, until the second time that demonstrators were killed by US troops.

15

Sam 07.28.05 at 12:50 pm

Barry,

My impression is that Fallujah was anti-American from the very beginning of the occupation, as this link to a CNN story from May 1, 2003 (the day before Bush announced “Mission Accomplished”?) suggests:

http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/05/01/sprj.irq.fallujah/

16

tvd 07.28.05 at 1:24 pm

…should we worry that al-Jazeera will report this rebranding of US foreign policy as “Global Jihad against Jihad”?

Hehe, Bad Jim. That should cause a few heads to explode. I like it.

17

oskar 07.29.05 at 4:17 am

If Republicans are good at framing things at home, they SU*K terribly at framing things for the foreigners.

They are farking unable to separate the issue of the bin Laden group and affiliates from the rest of the one billion Muslims.

Remember that in 2001 no other person than G.W.Bush said “this crusade, this war on terrorism, is going to take awhile.”

The problem is, that he didn’t want to wage a full scale religious crusade yet talked like so. If you declare Crusade, all the devout Muslims simply have an obligation to join the defensive jihad.

The meme ‘War on Terrorism’ is only slightly better then calling it a crusade. As of now all those Muslims think that when we say terrorism we mean Islam.

Especially saying that the ‘War in Iraq is part of the global War on Terror’ is totally bollocks. Let me translate that into binLadenish:

‘The invasion and occupation of Iraq is part of the Crusade’.

Bin Laden was already arguing in 1996 that the US wants to invade and fragmentize Iraq. If you’re a Muslim, who would you believe, US propaganda or your own lying eyes?

The name I would use?

‘The Hunt for Al-Qaeda’

applies selectively to a single group of indivduals, whoever joins it makes himself a target, can be understood by Muslim countries like any other domestic police action, etc.

And you can keep repeating that bin Laden is an outcast, leader of a sect, etc.

Comments on this entry are closed.