Dying to pass this on

by Maria on March 20, 2007

I’m in very irritable humour and an occasional annoyance has just breached my tolerance threshold. Reading a friend’s copy of last weekend’s Sunday Independent (Of course I’d never buy the worthless gossip rag myself. I just like reading it.) I counted THREE instances of the term ‘passing on’ to describe death. It’s clear from the articles that the journalists are paraphrasing the words of interviewees who would probably be mortified to hear their alcoholic, wife-beating father had simply ‘passed on’ after several years of poisonous decline.

The Sindo is an Irish newspaper, and Irish people do not use the euphemism ‘passing on’ for ‘dying’. The preference in speech has generally been for the more brutal ‘he/she died’. The passing off of ‘passing on’ as the polite way to describe death is starting to creep in to written language. Not that the Sindo is any model of the written language; it’s a flag of convenience for some decent and mostly average clique of writers to pen gossip pieces about their buddies.

Now, I understand that Americans prefer to say someone passed on than to say ‘they died’. Just as they prefer to say someone went to ‘the rest room’ than to the toilet. I expect that in a multicultural society that has nonetheless a quite puritanical aversion to the acknowledgement of bodily functions, a certain amount of stylised nicety is needed for everyone to get along and not constantly embarrass or offend each other. But the use of this term in Ireland is a purely aspirational adoption of others’ sensitivities. In a country where funeral-going is a national pastime, there’s nothing refined about dancing around death.

Not to mention that ‘passing on’ implies a belief in some sort of after-life, which seems a bit presumptious seeing as for many being dead means simply ceasing to exist.

{ 47 comments }

1

grackel 03.20.07 at 2:16 pm

And of course, here in America, there is the regional(?) variant: “he passed,” without the on. Curious, eh?

2

jacob 03.20.07 at 2:23 pm

The euphemism I hear most often in the States is “passed away,” which I suppose has the same connotations of an afterlife that “passed on” has, but at least it also implies an absence.

3

Jacob Christensen 03.20.07 at 2:29 pm

Swedish media nearly always use the expression “gÃ¥tt ur tiden” (literally “has gone out of time”, roughly “has left temporal life”) when somebody dies. Given the atheistic nature of Swedish society this is a very strange usage, even if it is very poetic.

Danes just die. Or rather, we have the expression “afgÃ¥et ved døden” (roughly “resigned through death”) which is occasionally used by media. But death is always mentioned as such.

4

SamChevre 03.20.07 at 2:37 pm

#1 is correct. The usage I’m used to is “passed”–no “on”.

5

Doug 03.20.07 at 2:45 pm

I tend to think of just plain “passed” as older and more rural, while “passed away” says suburban. I don’t really think I’ve heard “passed on” all that often.

Then of course there’s the art of the over-the-top euphemism. (Norwegian blues stun easily, you know.)

6

Hedley Lamarr 03.20.07 at 2:58 pm

Trollope used to say “gathered to his fathers”; so you can see how you all have progressed over there.

7

aaron_m 03.20.07 at 3:07 pm

Bring on the language police.

“the use of this term in Ireland is a purely aspirational adoption of others’ sensitivities.”

Evil aspirations at work…

8

Scott McLemee 03.20.07 at 3:54 pm

I expect that in a multicultural society that has nonetheless a quite puritanical aversion to the acknowledgement of bodily functions, a certain amount of stylised nicety is needed for everyone to get along and not constantly embarrass or offend each other.

Hence our stern refusal, as a nation, to produce films involving flatulence humor. Let alone watch them.

9

KCinDC 03.20.07 at 4:20 pm

I used to think of “passed” (without “away” or “on”) as African-American usage, but over the years it seems to have become more common among whites.

10

KCinDC 03.20.07 at 4:45 pm

Why is “toilet” less puritanical? It’s still euphemistic. If you were really facing ugly truths and avoiding “stylised nicety” you’d say you were going to piss or shit.

11

Ben 03.20.07 at 5:17 pm

I don’t usually either, but also bought The Independent last week because of some ‘improve your English’ writers’ guide offer. Ironically they were quite critical of such cliches…

And, fwiw, I’d say ‘passed away’. Maybe that’s more secular, as they’ve clearly left here – I don’t know if they’ve gone on anywhere.

12

astrongmaybe 03.20.07 at 5:26 pm

Agree 100% with the post. “Passing (on),” with its connotations of peaceful, barely perceptible transition to some other state, just gussies up the stark fact of death. The concern to use this phrase rather than “die” can sometimes lead to comical effects though, as in “he passed away in a auto accident” etc. In general, the robust and humane culture of death/bereavement is one of the best aspects of Irish life – I hope this isn’t a sign of a significant shift in this.

13

mijnheer 03.20.07 at 5:27 pm

North Americans don’t normally say “restroom” for a public toilet. They say something much more ridiculous: “bathroom”. As in, “Does this bus have a bathroom?” Or “She had to go to the bathroom on the plane.” I suppose King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia may have a bathroom on his plane.

14

eudoxis 03.20.07 at 5:31 pm

In the US, the idiom ‘passed’ or ‘passed away’ is used for a death. ‘Passing on’ has a different meaning entirely.

15

luci 03.20.07 at 5:34 pm

“The preference in speech has generally been for the more brutal ‘he/she died’”

I’ve noticed the usage on CT seems to be, “‘so and so’ is dead”. To me, from the US, it does seem jarring. I’ve thought that it must not sound as harsh to non-American ears. For some reason, “‘so and so’ has died” sounds slightly softer.

16

John Emerson 03.20.07 at 5:58 pm

You are all misinformed. The normal American term is “croaked”.

17

Adam Kotsko 03.20.07 at 6:22 pm

“Gathered to his fathers” is awesome. We need to incorporate more Hebraisms into everyday life — for instance, using “feet” as a euphemism for “genitals,” or randomly appending “Thus sayeth the Lord” to the end of our statements.

18

harry b 03.20.07 at 6:29 pm

luci — I think Chris Bertram is responsible for “X is dead”, though as the other frequent obituarist I adopted his usage as soon as I saw it. I really like it, and hope that it will be said of me when it happens (not that I’ll be paying attention). “Passed away” is the most familiar euphemism to em (in the US, I honestly can’t remember what people said in England).

“has buggered off”, is the other one I like.

19

spencer 03.20.07 at 6:46 pm

I agree with #9, though I think the use of just “passed” is far more common among whites in the south than among whites in any other part of the country. Personally, “passed away” has always been the phrase I’ve expected from those too delicate to say “Mr. X died.” It was certainly the usage my mother’s Old Country Polish relatives preferred, anyway.

20

roy belmont 03.20.07 at 7:23 pm

kcindc – yes.
People once did the “little work” of arranging their public faces in those rooms, and still do, oddly enough, performing actions entirely distinct from the elimination of bodily waste. As they also once retired to the lounge and divan therein, to rest.
There was until recently a majority attitude in the US toward the non-verbal young that has subsided a little, as honest regard toward children has come more strongly forward – that because they couldn’t communicate verbally they couldn’t understand verbal expression, or even remember it until later comprehension was achieved, so that all kinds of adult info was given into the wide and uncluttered memory banks of the very young, and processed later, ruminantly, practically sub rosa to the adult world.
In other words the superficial condition was all that got detailed – no words coming out, therefore nothing going on in there.
All we know of the dead is that they are not here.
It is as much an act and a matter of faith that they have disappeared entirely into non-being, a logical assumption surely, but an assumption nonetheless. Much like the obvious conclusion drawn from a view of the sky by early, technology-less humans, that the sun and the moon were both the same size, occupying as they do a nearly identical degree of the celestial arc, and traveling across the skies in very similar fashion. How strange that they should be so vastly dissimilar in actual fact.
Possibly what creates such strong resentment toward this euphemizing is not the subject matter itself, but the kowtowing to what has become an empirical presence of arrogant and profane dimension, even as it purports itself to be composed of higher aspirations. That and the infantilization of the public generally, which such linguistic softening is symptomatic of, and causes.

21

dearieme 03.20.07 at 7:55 pm

I’m used to hearing “has died”. There’s the occassional whimsy of “has shuffled off” and I once heard “has at last taken the popular advice”.

22

JR 03.20.07 at 8:16 pm

In my part of the world (east coast US) to say a person “passed” is exclusively African-American. This is standard usage, in speech, writing, on the radio. It’s not a class thing- educated, middle-class people say it- but white people never say it.

“Passed away” is a white usage, but it has a slightly old-fashioned feel. “Died” is perhaps more common among younger people.

People would understand “passed on” but it would be peculiar.

23

Slocum 03.20.07 at 8:16 pm

Now, I understand that Americans prefer to say someone passed on than to say ‘they died’. Just as they prefer to say someone went to ‘the rest room’ than to the toilet. I expect that in a multicultural society that has nonetheless a quite puritanical aversion to the acknowledgement of bodily functions…

Because no post on language use in Ireland would be complete without an (inaccurate) dig at American culture and language.

But wouldn’t “passed on” be just the sort of euphemism one would have expected of the “lace curtain” Irish? And with respect to liberalized attitudes toward sex and the body & etc — remind us, when was it again that Ireland legalized contraception? Divorce? Abortion?

Sheesh. Even in trivial matters, the anti-Americanism does get a little old.

BTW — in todays’s local paper here (in the U.S.), there are 11 obits (about half local and half national or international). There are nine uses of “died”, one of “passed away”, and one where the person’s name and age are given and you have to make the obvious assumption.

24

JR 03.20.07 at 8:24 pm

mijnheer- so you think bathroom is a ridiculous euphemism for toilet? Why is bathing more ridiculous than resting? And what, pray tell, do you think toilet originally meant?

As for me, I generally call it “the little reading room.”

25

KCinDC 03.20.07 at 8:35 pm

Roy Belmont (#20), I’ve never heard the “little work” folk etymology. “Toilet” actually has nothing to do with “toil”. It comes from the French for “cloth”, referring to something you put over your shoulders while shaving or applying makeup or otherwise “making your toilette”.

Slocum (#23), are those actually obituaries (newspaper articles) or death notices (paid ads, written by the relatives)? I’d be surprised to see a newspaper use “passed away”, but strange things do happen in small local papers.

26

tom hurka 03.20.07 at 8:57 pm

Well, in Canada you hear ‘passed’ (with no ‘on’ or ‘away’) a lot, and from white people. So I’ve never considered an African-American origin; to me it’s always sounded like a euphemism of a euphemism, i.e. avoiding the too-literalness of ‘passed away.’ And yes, ‘died’ is the only honest thing to say.

27

Keith M Ellis 03.20.07 at 9:08 pm

Once again, one sees incorrect widespread generalizations about language usage on the basis of anecdotal and regional experience. You’d think people would learn.

28

sidereal 03.20.07 at 9:10 pm

The normal American term is “croaked”.

In the local dialect, it’s “took a long dirtnap”

29

KCinDC 03.20.07 at 9:12 pm

I’d also disagree with Mijnheer’s “North Americans don’t normally say ‘restroom’ for a public toilet.” In my experience “restroom” is at least as common as “bathroom” in speech, and signs will say “restroom” if they use a word at all.

30

sidereal 03.20.07 at 9:43 pm

I think the restroom/bathroom divide reflects the difference between a public and private room. If I’m in a public setting, like a park or mall, and ask an employee where to go, I’ll use ‘restroom’. ‘Bathroom’ would be slightly crass, but acceptable. If I’m at a friend’s house, I say ‘I need to use your bathroom’. I would never use ‘restroom’. If I’m blogging about where my baby just threw up, I’d certainly use ‘bathroom’.

Notably, it’s probably not a ‘polite/impolite’ distinction as one might initially think. In contexts normally marked for politeness (like real-estate listings or architectural documentation), residences have ‘bathrooms’ and commercial and public structures have ‘restrooms’.

On the other hand, I can imagine a context where I use ‘restroom’ for a residential room. If, for example, I was at my (theoretical) new girlfriend’s rich parents’ house and was trying to be intensely polite, I would probably ask after the ‘restroom’. So it’s not clear cut.

31

curious 03.20.07 at 9:55 pm

Hm…I can’t help but wonder what the Irish use for the American term PMSing.

32

aaron_m 03.20.07 at 10:42 pm

How do I express my deepest sympathies and heartfelt condolences to the grieving family members of the departed in their time of sorrow?

I want to express to them my sincere and heartfelt condolences and total sympathy for them in their most difficult time. I want to offer my devoted support and let them know that they should find courage and strength in the knowledge that their friends’ thoughts and best wishes are with them as they try to bear this irreparable loss.

But all I can manage to say is ‘Sorry to that Jimmy is dead.’

33

phosphorious 03.20.07 at 10:45 pm

I have always liked “pushing up daisies”.

In high school, a french teacher told me that the equivalent locution in french was “eating dandelions from the roots up”.

Ever since, American though I am, I have never been able to to truly hate the french.

34

Henry (not the famous one) 03.21.07 at 12:52 am

«Je vais ou je vas mourir, l’un et l’autre se dit ou se disent. »
I am about to — or I am going to — die: either expression is correct.
~~ Reputed last words of Dominique Bouhours, French grammarian, d. 1702

35

kth 03.21.07 at 2:11 am

‘toilet’ is a euphemism too, isn’t it? I doubt there’s a single excretion-related fixture that isn’t most commonly referred to with a pretty French word–toilet, commode, bidet, latrine (the latter proving that even the American military can’t do without a nice word for what I guess y’all call the loo).

36

Quo Vadis 03.21.07 at 2:42 am

In US usage, “public bathroom” may also connote bathing facilities. Restroom is more typical for public “toilets” or whatever your word of preference.

37

Tom Doyle 03.21.07 at 3:24 am

aaron_m:
“How do I express my deepest sympathies and heartfelt condolences to the grieving family members of the departed in their time of sorrow?

“I want to express to them my sincere and heartfelt condolences and total sympathy for them in their most difficult time. I want to offer my devoted support and let them know that they should find courage and strength in the knowledge that their friends’ thoughts and best wishes are with them as they try to bear this irreparable loss.

“But all I can manage to say is ‘Sorry to that Jimmy is dead.’”

What you managed to say expressed what you say you wanted to express, in my view. My mother died a month ago, and that’s pretty much how I’ve understood the various expressions of condolences and sympathy, whatever the particular formulation. I think the bereaved, as general rule, apply a particularly robust interpretive charity in their construction of such expressions.

38

Tom Doyle 03.21.07 at 4:47 am

Chambers’ caskets are just fine,
Made of sandalwood and pine.
If your loved ones have to go
Call Columbus 690

If your lived ones pass away,
Have them pass the Chambers way.
Chamber’s customers all sing:
“Death, oh death, where is thy sting?”

Radio jingle for US funeral chain, from American Way of Death Revisited(1998) by Jessica Mitford
accessed at
Listing Through Life blog

http://www.carpelibra.org/blogs/listing/?p=969

39

bad Jim 03.21.07 at 9:24 am

A couple of years ago I had the occasion to tour Highgate Cemetery, and, yes the high point was the tomb of Marx. Quite a few of the Victorian habitants of this unsanctified ground were said to have gone to sleep.

40

Katherine 03.21.07 at 10:08 am

I always like the phrase “snuffed it”, but that is probably more appropriate for people you really don’t know, and pets.

To #23, where is it that you see anti-Americanism in the statements you highlight? An observation on American society perhaps – but haven’t we gone a bit far when an abservation (and not necessarily a negative one at that) is perceived as anti-Americanism?

41

abb1 03.21.07 at 10:49 am

It’s been a long time since I read The Loved One by Evelyn Waugh, but (iirc) he’s making fun of a lot of beautifully tasteless American euphemisms there.

42

nnyhav 03.21.07 at 12:35 pm

oh, no, he’s outside, looking in …

43

astrongmaybe 03.21.07 at 1:07 pm

“popped his clogs” is nice for “died”

44

Jacob Christensen 03.21.07 at 2:14 pm

Hmm – lively debate (sorry…). Anyway, it turns out that Slate had a podcast about euphemisms for “dead”: Slate 2006-10-24

The text of the Dead Parrot Sketch is here.

45

Kenny Easwaran 03.22.07 at 7:12 am

In the US, “toilet” can only refer to the item of furniture(?) in the bath/rest/washroom (“washroom” is I believe a Canadian and central/western usage). In European and Australian English, I’m pretty sure that “toilet” can refer to the room as well. It just sounds more shocking to us to talk about the toilet, just as I imagine it sounds more shocking to the Brits when we talk about our pants.

46

r@d@r 03.22.07 at 7:09 pm

some swarthmore kids i hung out with one summer used to say “kacked”.

navy vets i know tend to say “head” – other armed forces, “can” – for what i hope are obvious reasons.

now if you will excuse me – if i don’t take a dump right now, i’m gonna kack.

47

roy belmont 03.22.07 at 7:20 pm

kcindc #25-
Entangled in my own snare I was, there, surely, and but yet – “toil” itself does come from the cloth of the huntsman’s net, I think, so there’s a cousinish link between them, and the overall point, that people go in there into those rooms to do far more than merely poop and pee, remains.
The hypocrisy and the simpering euphemizing – the “f” word! – the giggles and sniggers of the ignorant at the use of plain and more accurate anglo-saxonisms – all that comes from childhood learning, the taboos and punishments for violation, the Pavlovian “dirtiness” of the organs involved passed on as vitally important from one over-corrected generation to another – though a concerted effort toward breaking away from that, begun en masse in the so-called “60’s”, has given us a somewhat clearer perspective.
That and the near-sterilized environments that now surround our waste disposal systems, both personal and communal. The near-religious purity of the porcelain in most bathrooms making the “dirtiness” seem almost an abstract thing.
Most vestigial prejudice has some accuracy in its cause, if not in its remnant.
As far as clinical terms, stripped of euphemism, well, as lovers often nickname their favorite body parts, scientific accuracy being not paramount in their exchanges, this seems forgivable.
The totality of loss, in the death of someone close and dear, making the flat and simple term, “he died”, while honest and accurate as far as it goes for the disinterested observer, not necessarily most apt when spoken to the bereaved.

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